Barbara Szmigielska

TL;DR: The authors found that cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes, and these associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes.

TL;DR: With advancing age, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures.

TL;DR: The authors found that adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and openness.

TL;DR: Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes.

TL;DR: This article provided arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and reported new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N = 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each.