抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the United States, and is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease worldwide, according to a study published by the World Bank/World Health Organization. Yet, COPD remains relatively unknown or ignored by the public as well as public health and government officials. In 1998, in an effort to bring more attention to COPD, its management, and its prevention, a committed group of scientists encouraged the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the World Health Organization to form the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Among the important objectives of GOLD are to increase awareness of COPD and to help the millions of people who suffer from this disease and die prematurely of it or its complications. The first step in the GOLD program was to prepare a consensus report, Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, published in 2001. The present, newly revised document follows the same format as the original consensus report, but has been updated to reflect the many publications on COPD that have appeared. GOLD national leaders, a network of international experts, have initiated investigations of the causes and prevalence of COPD in their countries, and developed innovative approaches for the dissemination and implementation of COPD management guidelines. We appreciate the enormous amount of work the GOLD national leaders have done on behalf of their patients with COPD. Despite the achievements in the 5 years since the GOLD report was originally published, considerable additional work is ahead of us if we are to control this major public health problem. The GOLD initiative will continue to bring COPD to the attention of governments, public health officials, health care workers, and the general public, but a concerted effort by all involved in health care will be necessary.

https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/GOLD_WR_06.pdf

Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary.

At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate concentrations, how...

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Free Radicals in the Physiological Control of Cell Function

The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners.

Comprehensive Integration of Single-Cell Data.

Association of use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with adverse cardiovascular events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Every human is a multiplex of ecosystems. The balance of symbiosis and competition from within is as critical as maintenance and defense systems, like inflammation. To achieve homeostasis, these adaptive processes occur at different stages in different scenarios all over the body at the same time, and often unnoticed. How are the streams of molecular and cellular players coordinated in systemic responses that maintain integrity of the whole? This collection of articles aims to spotlight three dynamic relationships: damage, healing and resilience. In a pilot study on Sjogren’s Syndrome, Das et al. profile human saliva and tears using a proteomics workflow to create a proof-of-concept working model for examining altered protease activity associated with the damage inflicted in this rare disease. Three articles target catabolism of bioactive lipids and impact on responsiveness to high fat diet. In LPS-induced human phagocytes, Tang et el didactically examine leukotriene biosynthesis pathways to arrive at a fitting model of the ATP-binding domain of p38 to KIRA6, a widely-used inhibitor of the IRE1alpha component of the unfolding protein response with p38. Using knock-out mice of soluble epoxide hydrolase, Wagner et al. associated metabolism of high fat diet and diet-induced obesity to organ-selective observations of sex-specific responsiveness. Along this same vein, Ulu et al. opted to modulate endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid levels by using a fatty-acyl transferase transgenic mouse, and evaluated impact on lung inflammation triggered by repetitive exposure to liquid dust. In the healing process, Cen et al. focused on lipopolysaccharide-induced migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts to identify a role for strathmin via p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase. With a novel twist of local scar formation and liver function, Lyu et al. measured effects of combinatorial drug treatments (anisodamine and neostigmine) on local and chronic inflammation in a rat model of biliary obstruction. Several articles argue for fresh perspective in dynamic disease scenarios. After framing recent advances in the complex and fluid roles of macrophages in different stages of atherosclerosis pathogenesis, Farahi et al. propose provocative macrophage-based therapies Edited and reviewed by: Paola Patrignani, University of Studies G d’Annunzio Chieti and Pescara, Italy

/pdf/editorial-streaming-inflammation-from-damage-to-healing-and-te1xyns6.pdf

Editorial: Streaming Inflammation: From Damage to Healing and Resilience

The field of international peacebuilding increasingly recognizes that violence is not a unitary phenomenon, but an array of constraints on human flourishing spanning physical, structural, cultural, and symbolic registers (Galtung 1969; 1990; Jabri 1996; O. Richmond 2012; 2016). This recognition provides corollary insights that building peace requires, at the very least, the reduction of violence in its complex and interlocking forms. But despite a normative commitment to reducing diverse forms of violence, the field of international peacebuilding has struggled to address the potentials for epistemic and ontological violence following from the inherent Eurocentrism of its own disciplinary origins and orientations (Walker 2004; Jabri 2013; Sabaratnam 2013; Goetze 2016). As a result of its exclusion of ways of knowing and being not authorized by Western academic discourses, the theory and practice of international peacebuilding frequently presumes the universalizability of Eurocentric modes of social, political, and economic organization viewed as ontologically destructive by Indigenous and other communities that continue to suffer under conditions of global coloniality (Azarmandi 2018; Maldonado-Torres 2020).

Pluriversal Peacebuilding: Peace Beyond Epistemic and Ontological Violence

The present invention relates to methods for identifying candidate therapeutics for hypertension. The invention further provides a method for treating hypertension and/or decreasing atherogenesis by administration of an inhibitor of PGF2α receptor.

Garret A. FitzGerald

Papers

Association of use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with adverse cardiovascular events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Editorial: Streaming Inflammation: From Damage to Healing and Resilience

Pluriversal Peacebuilding: Peace Beyond Epistemic and Ontological Violence

ANTAGONISM OF PGF 2α RECEPTOR TO TREAT HYPERTENSION CHARACTERIZED BY ACTIVATION OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

Career Development for International Trainees A Roadmap for the Twilight Zone: Navigating United States Cardiovascular