Markku Orell

TL;DR: It is suggested that after the last Ice Ages, the blue tit subspecies have colonized Europe from two different southern refuges following previously proposed general recolonization routes from the Balkans to northern and Central Europe, and from the Iberian Peninsula north- and eastwards.

TL;DR: It is shown that the phenological response to large–scale changes in spring temperature varies across a species' range, even between populations situated close to each other, and that this variation cannot be fully explained by variation in the temperature change during the pre– and post–laying periods, as recently suggested.

TL;DR: The types of descriptive data that should be included in the methods sections of relevant manuscripts are listed to improve the reliability and usefulness of research based on long-term studies of any secondary hole-nesting species using artificial nestboxes for breeding or roosting.

TL;DR: The high-quality great tit genome assembly is assembled, showing an overrepresentation of genes related to neuronal functions, learning and cognition in regions under positive selection, as well as increased CpG methylation in these regions.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that paternal leakage occurs in a bird, the great tit Parus major, in the middle Amur Valley in far-eastern Siberia, where a bird that possessed the very distinct haplotypes of the two groups is found.