Matthias Meyer

TL;DR: The results show how ancestry from the Steppe genetically linked Europe and South Asia in the Bronze Age, and identifies the populations that almost certainly were responsible for spreading Indo-European languages across much of Eurasia.

TL;DR: A series of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines with two axial poly(ethylene glycol) chains SiPcX 8 [(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 3 ] 2 (X=H, Cl, Br; n ≈16) have been prepared of which the photosensitizing properties are enhanced as the periphery of the macrocycle is substituted with heavier halogens as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Comparisons with available archaic and diverse modern human Y chromosomes indicated that, similar to the maternally inherited mitochondria, the human and Neanderthal Y chromosomes were more closely related to each other compared with the Denisovan Y chromosome, which supports the conclusion that interbreeding between early humans and Neanderthals and selection replaced the more ancient Denisovian-like Y chromosome and mitochondria in Neanderthal.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the diversification of visual pigments and color vision evolved in arthropods, along with the evolution of compound eyes-one of the most sophisticated visual systems known.

TL;DR: It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the conditions under which a Poisson distribution would be present are so unlikely to exist in a real system that there is no other option but to attribute the claims to poor statistical sampling.