Stuart M. C. Lee

TL;DR: Given that the majority of the biological and human health variables remained stable, or returned to baseline, after a 340-day space mission, these data suggest that human health can be mostly sustained over this duration of spaceflight.

TL;DR: Muscle volume and strength were decreased in the lower extremities of crewmembers during long-duration spaceflight on ISS despite the use of exercise countermeasures, indicating that in-flight countermeasures were insufficient to replicate the daily mechanical loading experienced by the crewmembers before flight.

TL;DR: This cohort study examines the internal jugular vein flow and morphology of crew members of the International Space Station and the use of lower body negative pressure as a countermeasure to the headward fluid shift experienced during space flight.

TL;DR: These findings support further evaluation of LBNP exercise as a countermeasure against long-term microgravity-induced deconditioning and support the idea that supine lower body negative pressure exercise provides integrated cardiovascular and musculoskeletal stimulation similar to that imposed by upright exercise in Earth gravity.

TL;DR: The main findings of this study were that V̇o2peak decreased early in-flight then gradually increased during flight but never returned to preflight levels, and aerobic deconditioning is not an inevitable consequence of long-duration spaceflight.