Institution
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Government•Prague, Czechia•
About: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic is a government organization based out in Prague, Czechia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 27866 authors who have published 71021 publications receiving 1821686 citations.
Topics: Population, Catalysis, Thin film, Laser, Ion
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is concluded that in the plasma membrane, lipid rafts either exist only as transiently stabilized structures or, if stable, comprise at most a minor fraction of the cell surface.
Abstract: “Lipid rafts” enriched in glycosphingolipids (GSL), GPI-anchored proteins, and cholesterol have been proposed as functional microdomains in cell membranes However, evidence supporting their existence has been indirect and controversial In the past year, two studies used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy to probe for the presence of lipid rafts; rafts here would be defined as membrane domains containing clustered GPI-anchored proteins at the cell surface The results of these studies, each based on a single protein, gave conflicting views of rafts To address the source of this discrepancy, we have now used FRET to study three different GPI-anchored proteins and a GSL endogenous to several different cell types FRET was detected between molecules of the GSL GM1 labeled with cholera toxin B-subunit and between antibody-labeled GPI-anchored proteins, showing these raft markers are in submicrometer proximity in the plasma membrane However, in most cases FRET correlated with the surface density of the lipid raft marker, a result inconsistent with significant clustering in microdomains We conclude that in the plasma membrane, lipid rafts either exist only as transiently stabilized structures or, if stable, comprise at most a minor fraction of the cell surface
459 citations
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University of Geneva1, Centre national de la recherche scientifique2, University of Saskatchewan3, Natural History Museum4, New York State Department of Health5, Charles University in Prague6, Kaiserslautern University of Technology7, University of Greifswald8, Dalhousie University9, Free University of Berlin10, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic11, University of British Columbia12, Sewanee: The University of the South13, Saint Petersburg State University14, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh15, University of Cologne16, Uppsala University17, University of New Brunswick18, Halifax19, National Institutes of Health20, University of Giessen21, National Museum of Natural History22
TL;DR: A group of protist experts proposes a two-step DNA barcoding approach, comprising a universal eukaryotic pre-barcode followed by group-specific barcodes, to unveil the hidden biodiversity of microbial Eukaryotes.
Abstract: Animals, plants, and fungi—the three traditional kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotic life—make up almost all of the visible biosphere, and they account for the majority of catalogued species on Earth [1]. The remaining eukaryotes have been assembled for convenience into the protists, a group composed of many diverse lineages, single-celled for the most part, that diverged after Archaea and Bacteria evolved but before plants, animals, or fungi appeared on Earth. Given their single-celled nature, discovering and describing new species has been difficult, and many protistan lineages contain a relatively small number of formally described species (Figure 1A), despite the critical importance of several groups as pathogens, environmental quality indicators, and markers of past environmental changes. It would seem natural to apply molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding to the taxonomy of protists to compensate for the lack of diagnostic morphological features, but this has been hampered by the extreme diversity within the group. The genetic divergence observed between and within major protistan groups greatly exceeds that found in each of the three multicellular kingdoms. No single set of molecular markers has been identified that will work in all lineages, but an international working group is now close to a solution. A universal DNA barcode for protists coupled with group-specific barcodes will enable an explosion of taxonomic research that will catalyze diverse applications.
458 citations
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TL;DR: This review presents the current understanding of the functions of CKs and CK signaling in the regulation of plant adaptation to stress, and examines biotechnological strategies based on the modulation of CK levels with the aim of stabilizing agriculture yields.
458 citations
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Sewanee: The University of the South1, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic2, University of Nevada, Reno3, University of Papua New Guinea4, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute5, University of Utah6, Griffith University7, University of Brasília8, University of Ostrava9, Tulane University10, University of Oxford11, George Washington University12, University of Missouri–St. Louis13, American Museum of Natural History14, Chiba University15, University of Göttingen16, Wesleyan University17, Wright State University18, University of Connecticut19, Colorado Mesa University20, University of Minnesota21
TL;DR: A global dataset is used to investigate host range for over 7,500 insect herbivore species covering a wide taxonomic breadth and interacting with more than 2,000 species of plants in 165 families to ask whether relatively specialized and generalized herbivores represent a dichotomy rather than a continuum from few to many host families and species attacked and whether diet breadth changes with increasing plant species richness toward the tropics.
Abstract: Understanding variation in resource specialization is important for progress on issues that include coevolution, community assembly, ecosystem processes, and the latitudinal gradient of species richness. Herbivorous insects are useful models for studying resource specialization, and the interaction between plants and herbivorous insects is one of the most common and consequential ecological associations on the planet. However, uncertainty persists regarding fundamental features of herbivore diet breadth, including its relationship to latitude and plant species richness. Here, we use a global dataset to investigate host range for over 7,500 insect herbivore species covering a wide taxonomic breadth and interacting with more than 2,000 species of plants in 165 families. We ask whether relatively specialized and generalized herbivores represent a dichotomy rather than a continuum from few to many host families and species attacked and whether diet breadth changes with increasing plant species richness toward the tropics. Across geographic regions and taxonomic subsets of the data, we find that the distribution of diet breadth is fit well by a discrete, truncated Pareto power law characterized by the predominance of specialized herbivores and a long, thin tail of more generalized species. Both the taxonomic and phylogenetic distributions of diet breadth shift globally with latitude, consistent with a higher frequency of specialized insects in tropical regions. We also find that more diverse lineages of plants support assemblages of relatively more specialized herbivores and that the global distribution of plant diversity contributes to but does not fully explain the latitudinal gradient in insect herbivore specialization.
457 citations
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Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute1, Sewanee: The University of the South2, University of Panama3, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic4, University of Western Australia5, University of Évora6, University of York7, University of Helsinki8, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg9, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History10, University of Victoria11, University of Bristol12, National Autonomous University of Mexico13, Blaise Pascal University14, State University of Santa Cruz15, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences16, University of Toulouse17, University of Würzburg18, Griffith University19, National Museum of Natural History20, Centre national de la recherche scientifique21, Research Institute for Nature and Forest22, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto23, Université libre de Bruxelles24, American Museum of Natural History25
TL;DR: This work sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama using a comprehensive range of structured protocols and found that models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well.
Abstract: Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields >60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models.
455 citations
Authors
Showing all 27986 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Grätzel | 248 | 1423 | 303599 |
Richard E. Smalley | 153 | 494 | 111117 |
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis | 152 | 1854 | 113022 |
Jovan Milosevic | 152 | 1433 | 106802 |
Rajesh Kumar | 149 | 4439 | 140830 |
Vaclav Vrba | 141 | 1298 | 95671 |
Milos Lokajicek | 139 | 1511 | 98888 |
Rupert Leitner | 136 | 1201 | 90597 |
Christophe Royon | 134 | 1453 | 90249 |
Tetiana Hryn'ova | 131 | 1059 | 84260 |
G. T. Jones | 131 | 864 | 75491 |
Peter Kodys | 131 | 1262 | 85267 |
Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin | 129 | 646 | 85630 |
Alexander Kupco | 129 | 1230 | 86436 |
Ning Zhou | 129 | 996 | 80094 |