Showing papers by "Centre national de la recherche scientifique published in 1986"
TL;DR: It is shown that a class of deterministic lattice gases with discrete Boolean elements simulates the Navier-Stokes equation, anc, and can be used to design simple, massively parallel computing machines.
Abstract: We show that a class of deterministic lattice gases with discrete Boolean elements simulates the Navier-Stokes equation, anc can be used to design simple, massively parallel computing machines.
2,288 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of the Tethys belt from the Pliensbachian (190 Ma) to the Tortonian (10 Ma) is depicted at 1 20,000,000 scale.
1,574 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main fields of development (spin glasses, optimization theory, and physics) of ultrametricity have been surveyed, and some tentative conclusions on the common causes for the occurrence of such structures in nature are drawn from present knowledge.
Abstract: Ultrametricity is a simple topological concept, but its appearance in the language of physicists is recent. This review provides all the elementary background (from mathematics, taxonomy, and statistical physics) and surveys the main fields of development (spin glasses, optimization theory). Static and dynamic aspects are covered. From present knowledge, one can already draw some tentative conclusions on the common causes for the occurrence of ultrametric structures in nature. Some perspectives on unresolved problems in physics and biology are also presented.
729 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Arnold-Beltrami-childress (ABC) flows are investigated both analytically and numerically, and a systematic search for integrable cases is done using Painleve tests, i.e. studying complex-time singularities of fluidparticle trajectories.
Abstract: The particle paths of the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) flows
\[
u = (A \sin z+ C \cos y, B \sin x + A \cos z, C \sin y + B \cos x).
\]
are investigated both analytically and numerically. This three-parameter family of spatially periodic flows provides a simple steady-state solution of Euler's equations. Nevertheless, the streamlines have a complicated Lagrangian structure which is studied here with dynamical systems tools. In general, there is a set of closed (on the torus, T3) helical streamlines, each of which is surrounded by a finite region of KAM invariant surfaces. For certain values of the parameters strong resonances occur which disrupt the surfaces. The remaining space is occupied by chaotic particle paths: here stagnation points may occur and, when they do, they are connected by a web of heteroclinic streamlines.When one of the parameters A, B or C vanishes the flow is integrable. In the neighbourhood, perturbation techniques can be used to predict strong resonances. A systematic search for integrable cases is done using Painleve tests, i.e. studying complex-time singularities of fluid-particle trajectories. When ABC ≠ 0 recursive clustering of complex time singularities occurs that seems characteristic of non-integrable behaviour.
674 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a technique for the orientation, cutting and polishing of small platinum single-crystal planes is given whose angular accuracy is within 3 min. This is required for the preparation of stepped surfaces with a well-controlled step density.
632 citations
TL;DR: In this article, time and frequency-dependent measurements of optical phase conjugation in gold colloids are reported, and it is shown that the nonlinear response is fast on a 5-psec time scale and can be assigned to the electrons of the small metal spheres.
Abstract: Time- and frequency-dependent measurements of optical phase conjugation in gold colloids are reported. It is shown that the nonlinear response is fast on a 5-psec time scale and can be assigned to the electrons of the small metal spheres. The frequency-dependent measurements were performed in the neighborhood of the surface-plasma resonance and give experimental evidence of the validity of our resonant enhancement model. We also report the first model calculation of the third-order Kerr susceptibility of small metal particles. The dominant terms of this electric-dipole contribution are emphasized and lead to an expression for χ(3) that varies roughly as the inverse third power of the radius of the particles. This model accounts for the observed anisotropy of this susceptibility and provides an estimate of its magnitude, in agreement with the measured values. The limited size effect on the linear susceptibility is also discussed.
570 citations
TL;DR: This paper found no trace of syllabifying segmentation in English listeners listening to English words, French words, or nonsense words, even when they were listening to French words or English words.
520 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that an inverse agonist of the β-carboline group, methyl β- carboline-3-carboxylate (β-CCM), enhances animal performance in three different tasks used to investigate learning and memory.
Abstract: Benzodiazepines are widely used anxiolytics and anticonvulsants, and their potent sedative properties are routinely used in presurgical anaesthesia. However, they are also known to induce a strong anterograde amnesia in patients1. Specific benzodiazepine antagonists have recently been described2,3, some of which have intrinsic pharmacological properties that are opposite to those of benzodiazepines. These have been called inverse agonists4,5 and they have been shown to be proconyulsant or convulsant6,7 whereas benzodiazepines are anticonvulsants. Inverse agonists are also anxiogenic8–12 rather than anxiolytic. Since benzodiazepines induce anterograde amnesia, we have investigated the possibility that inverse agonists might also have an opposite effect for this property and so enhance acquisition (learning) and (or) retention (memory). We report here that, in three different animal models, an inverse agonist of the β-carboline group, methyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (β-CCM), enhances animal performance in three different tasks used to investigate learning and memory.
512 citations
TL;DR: The experimental line shape of the albedo within the diffusion approximation is analyzed and explained to explain the observed effects of polarization.
Abstract: Recent experiments have confirmed that coherent effects in the multiple scattering of light affect the angular dependence of the intensity reflected by disordered media. By considering the constructive interferences between time-reversed paths of light in a semi-infinite medium, we analyze the experimental line shape of the albedo within the diffusion approximation and explain the observed effects of polarization.
497 citations
Patent•
18 Dec 1986TL;DR: In this article, the present invention relates to a chemical compound which consists of an oligonucleotide or an oligodeoxynucleotide consisting of a natural or modified chain of nucleotides to which an intercalating group is fixed via a covalent bond.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical compound which consists of an oligonucleotide or an oligodeoxynucleotide consisting of a natural or modified chain of nucleotides (sic) to which an intercalating group is fixed via a covalent bond.
492 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, even the simplest techniques of any primitive society take on the character of a system that can be analyzed, in terms of a more general system, and the techniques can be seen as a group of significant choices which each society has been forced to make, whether they are compatible or incompatible with other choices.
TL;DR: A semantics based on the category-theoretic idea of direct limit is developed, so that the behaviour of a variable type on any domain is determined by its behaviour on finite ones, thus getting rid of the circularity of variable types.
TL;DR: It can be considered a general rule that beyond the time at which nidation is normally expected to occur, the intrauterine survival of transferred embryos of any stage becomes impossible, the uterus has entered into refractoriness, the state of nonreceptivity.
Abstract: Receptivity is a notion that arose during the last two decades mainly from studies using the technique of egg transfer. It is by definition the unique and exclusive situation in which the uterus allows nidation to occur. In fact, since the initial observation of M. C. Chang' in the rabbit, the importance for implantation of a chronological relationship between the age of the embryo and the developmental stage of the endometrium has been shown in all species studied, although the time limits for a successful transfer appear to be extended to several days in some species. In more precise terms, a cooperation between the embryo and the uterus is necessary for egg implantation to occur. This can be achieved only if both partners have reached a certain degree of maturity. The embryo must have reached the blastocyst stage, thus being ready to participate in the nidation process. It also has to be present in the uterus at the proper time, that is, when the endometrium is undergoing the specific changes that are referred to as \"phase of receptivity.\"* In several species the blastocyst can, under certain conditions, wait for receptivity to occur. Thus, in species such as the rat3 and the mouse: the transfer of an egg to a developmentally younger uterus can even be more successful than when realized under a strict chronological synchronization. On the contrary, developmentally younger eggs when placed in advanced uteri can be forced to accelerate their development in order to be ready at the proper time, as in the case of sheep.' However, it can be considered a general rule that beyond the time at which nidation is normally expected to occur, that is, beyond the phase of receptivity, the intrauterine survival of transferred embryos of any stage becomes impossible. The uterus has entered into refractoriness, the state of nonreceptivity.2.6 A constant feature of the receptive endometrium is its high vascular reactivity towards the blastocyst stimulus or artificial This reactivity,
TL;DR: The phylogeny of ABH determinants shows that they appeared as tissular antigens much earlier than as red cellAntigens, and an effort is made to correlate their tissular distribution in the adult with the embryological origin of each tissue.
Abstract: The present knowledge on chemical, enzymatic, serologic and genetic aspects of ABH antigens is reviewed in an effort to produce a simple and coherent genetic model for the biosynthesis of these antigens and chemically related structures. The genetic control of type 1 (Le(a), Le(b), Le(c) and Le(d)), type 2 (X, Y, I, and H), type 3 and type 4 ABH and related antigens in different animal and human tissues is analyzed, taking into account the properties of the glycosyltransferases which are involved in their synthesis and considering possible competition for common acceptor and donor substrates. The phylogeny of ABH determinants shows that they appeared as tissular antigens much earlier than as red cell antigens. The ontogeny of ABH antigens suggests that they behave as differentiation antigens, and an effort is made to correlate their tissular distribution in the adult with the embryological origin of each tissue.
TL;DR: A high-resolution x-ray study of a model multilayer fluid membrane system in the lyotropic L/sub ..cap alpha../ phase of a quaternary microemulsion system shows the structure factor exhibits power-law behavior characteristic of a Landau-Peierls system.
Abstract: We report a high-resolution x-ray study of a model multilayer fluid membrane system in the lyotropic L/sub ..cap alpha../ phase of a quaternary microemulsion system. The structure factor exhibits power-law behavior characteristic of a Landau-Peierls system. As a function of intermembrane distance 3.8 nmless than or equal todless than or equal to16.3 nm, the exponent eta(d) which describes the algebraic decay of layer correlations is predicted by the model of Helfrich where entropic steric repulsions dominate intermembrane interactions.
Book•
01 Jan 1986TL;DR: The new edition covers new results, and introduces new connections, as suggested by the following non-exhaustive fist of keywords: confluence properties of categorical combinators, explicit substitutions, control operations, linear logic, geometry of interaction, strong stability.
Abstract: This book is a thoroughly revised edition of a monograph that presents an approach to the design and implementation of sequential programming languages based on the relationship between lambda-calculus and category theory The foundations of a new "categorical" combinatory logic are laid down Compilation and evaluation techniques are investigated A simple abstract machine, called the Categorical Abstract Machine, is presented: it has served as the core of the implementation of the language CAML, of the ML family, developed at INRIA-Roquencourt and Ecole Normale Superieure, and first released in 1987 The main characteristics of this approach are conceptual simplicity and compactness, with bearings on portability, efficiency, and correctness proofs A mathematical semantics of sequentiality is proposed, in which "sequential algorithms" rather than functions are used to interpret procedures The theoretical investigation has led to the development of a programming language, CDSO, in which basic and functional types are not differentiated The evaluation framework is a demand-driven data flow network The model of sequential algorithms is fully abstract with respect to this language: two procedures have the same denotation if and only if they have the same behaviour Background on full abstraction is given The new edition covers new results, and introduces new connections, as suggested by the following non-exhaustive fist of keywords: confluence properties of categorical combinators, explicit substitutions, control operations, linear logic, geometry of interaction, strong stability
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the refting-derived structures, more especially to the major tilted crustal blocks, a few tens of kilometres wide, which can be either reconstructed or directly observed.
TL;DR: Lethr(n) denote the maximum number of edges in anr-uniform hypergraph onn vertices and in which the union of any three edges has size greater than 3r − 3.
Abstract: LetH be a fixed graph of chromatic numberr. It is shown that the number of graphs onn vertices and not containingH as a subgraph is $$2^{(\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ 2 \\ \end{array} )(1 - \frac{1}{{r - 1}} + o(1))} $$ . Leth r (n) denote the maximum number of edges in anr-uniform hypergraph onn vertices and in which the union of any three edges has size greater than 3r ? 3. It is shown thath r (n) =o(n 2) although for every fixedc < 2 one has lim n?? h r (n)/n c = ?.
TL;DR: The regional distribution of D1 dopamine (DA) receptors in the rat brain has been studied by quantitative autoradiography using the specific D1 antagonist [3H]SCH 23390 as a ligand closely correlated with the reported distribution of dopaminergic terminals.
TL;DR: The 3D Navier-Stokes equations were obtained from two different lattice gas models as mentioned in this paper, one having its sites on a cubic lattice and particle speeds zero, one and √ 2.
Abstract: The 3D Navier-Stokes equations are obtained from two different lattice gas models The first one has its sites on a cubic lattice and has particle speeds zero, one and √2 The second one is a 3D projection of a lattice gas implementation of the 4D Navier-Stokes equations, residing on a face-centred hypercubic lattice
TL;DR: In this article, the solubility constant of Henry's law has been experimentally determined in a tholeiitic basalt melt and the data permit calculation of the distribution of noble gases between a melt and coexisting vesicles.
TL;DR: In this paper, an homogeneous stirred reactor designed for kinetic studies of hydrocarbon oxidation in the intermediate temperature range is described, which can operate under pressure up to 10 atm (approximately 1 MPa).
Abstract: An homogeneous stirred reactor designed for kinetic studies of hydrocarbon oxidation in the intermediate temperature range is described. The originality of this reactor lies in its ability to operate under pressure up to 10 atm ( approximately 1 MPa). The design of the injectors makes it possible to move a thermocouple and a sampling probe throughout a whole diameter of the reactor.
TL;DR: It is suggested that beta-Transforming Growth Factor is stored in human blood platelets as a poorly active high molecular weight complex which may be dissociated and activated in appropriate in vivo microenvironments.
TL;DR: Alpha-oligodeoxynucleotides were not detectably degraded over 24 h at 37 degrees C in HeLa cell postmitochondrial cytoplasmic extract or RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum, and showed significant survival after 24 h in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, fetal bivine serum and human serum.
TL;DR: A universal code equivalent of the r1 ORF is constructed that, under appropriate promoter control, allows the overexpression in E. coli of a protein identical to the mitochondrial intron encoded "transposase", which exhibits a double strand endonuclease activity specific for the omega- site.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of 400°C pyrolysis products and pyrolyssis residues provided further information on their structure and possible relationships, and the essential role of resistant biopolymer in Torbanite formation was ascertained.
TL;DR: In this article, the triacontahedral solidification morphology of large quasicrystalline dendrites within an as-cast Al-Cu-Li alloy with composition close to that of the Al6CuLi3 phase was reported.
Abstract: The discovery of icosahedral symmetry in rapidly solidified Al-Mn alloys1 has stimulated considerable research activity mainly because it appeared to violate the classical rules of crystallography. Hence, it left the field open for numerous reports on rapidly-solidified phases with icosahedral symmetry in aluminium based alloys. However, a challenging goal for materials scientists has always been the fabrication of large quasicrystals that would allow further investigation of the crystallographic and physical properties of this new form of material. This paper reports the first evidence of triacontahedral solidification morphology of large quasicrystalline dendrites within an as-cast Al-Cu-Li alloy with composition close to that of the Al6CuLi3 phase.
TL;DR: In this article, the existence, uniqueness, and long time behavior of spin processing in the magnetic field created by their closest neighbours were investigated, and the results concerning existence and uniqueness were presented.
Abstract: The continuum limit of a cubic latice of classical spins processing in the magnetic field created by their closest neighbours is considered. Results concerning existence, uniqueness and (for initially small spin deviation) long time behaviour, are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the 13 C/12 C ratios and contents of organic carbon in deep sea sediment cores of the North Indian Ocean have been compared for the different climatic stages as determined by oxygen isotope stratigraphy.