Institution
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
Government•Salisbury, United Kingdom•
About: Defence Science and Technology Laboratory is a government organization based out in Salisbury, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Burkholderia pseudomallei & Francisella tularensis. The organization has 926 authors who have published 1242 publications receiving 30091 citations. The organization is also known as: Dstl & [dstl].
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: In this article, the tensile properties of a supersaturated carbon layer (∼7.5 cm) in AISI 304 grade stainless steel have been evaluated using in situ synchrotron diffraction.
18 citations
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Chinese Academy of Sciences1, Washington University in St. Louis2, Georgia State University3, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases4, University of Texas Medical Branch5, Yeshiva University6, University of Marburg7, Mayo Clinic8, World Health Organization9, Public Health England10, Laval University11, Boston University12, Novosibirsk State University13, Texas Biomedical Research Institute14, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory15, Hokkaido University16, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention17, Claude Bernard University Lyon 118, National Institutes of Health19
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report filovirus genome sequence-based taxon demarcation criteria using the publicly accessible PAirwise Sequencing Comparison (PASC) tool of the US National Center for Biotechnology Information (Bethesda, MD, USA).
Abstract: The mononegaviral family Filoviridae has eight members assigned to three genera and seven species. Until now, genus and species demarcation were based on arbitrarily chosen filovirus genome sequence divergence values (≈50% for genera, ≈30% for species) and arbitrarily chosen phenotypic virus or virion characteristics. Here we report filovirus genome sequence-based taxon demarcation criteria using the publicly accessible PAirwise Sequencing Comparison (PASC) tool of the US National Center for Biotechnology Information (Bethesda, MD, USA). Comparison of all available filovirus genomes in GenBank using PASC revealed optimal genus demarcation at the 55–58% sequence diversity threshold range for genera and at the 23–36% sequence diversity threshold range for species. Because these thresholds do not change the current official filovirus classification, these values are now implemented as filovirus taxon demarcation criteria that may solely be used for filovirus classification in case additional data are absent. A near-complete, coding-complete, or complete filovirus genome sequence will now be required to allow official classification of any novel “filovirus.” Classification of filoviruses into existing taxa or determining the need for novel taxa is now straightforward and could even become automated using a presented algorithm/flowchart rooted in RefSeq (type) sequences.
18 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the absorption spectra of excitons in ZnSe-ZnS strained layer superlattices with well widths ranging from 0.6 to 7.6 nm is reported.
Abstract: A study of the absorption spectra of excitons in ZnSe‐ZnS strained layer superlattices (SLS) with well widths ranging from 0.6 to 7.6 nm is reported. The n=1 heavy hole (hh) and light hole (1h) exciton absorptions are clearly resolved for all samples even near room temperature. A theoretical estimation of the n=1 hh exciton peak energy, which takes account of strain, quantum confinement of free carriers, and exciton binding energy enhancement by reduced dimensionality, is in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The variations in absorption linewidth and energy shift between absorption and emission band peaks, as a function of quantum well width, have also been measured: the experimental results provide evidence that the origin of the so‐called ‘‘Stokes’ shift’’ lies in Anderson localization due to monolayer fluctuations in the well width. The temperature dependence of the exciton peak energy and its linewidth are interpreted in terms of electron‐phonon and exciton‐phonon interactions.
18 citations
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TL;DR: The data show that CD200R promotes the antimicrobial properties of neutrophils and may represent a novel antibacterial therapeutic target, and suggest that the beneficial effect against F. tularensis is due to depletion of a neutrophil niche for the bacterium.
Abstract: Pulmonary immune control is crucial for protection against pathogens. Here we identify a pathway that promotes host responses during pulmonary bacterial infection; the expression of CD200 receptor (CD200R), which is known to dampen pulmonary immune responses, promotes effective clearance of the lethal intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. We show that depletion of CD200R in mice increases in vitro and in vivo infectious burden. In vivo, CD200R deficiency leads to enhanced bacterial burden in neutrophils, suggesting CD200R normally limits the neutrophil niche for infection. Indeed, depletion of this neutrophil niche in CD200R-/- mice restores F. tularensis infection to levels seen in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, CD200R-deficient neutrophils display significantly reduced reactive oxygen species production (ROS), suggesting that CD200R-mediated ROS production in neutrophils is necessary for limiting F. tularensis colonisation and proliferation. Overall, our data show that CD200R promotes the antimicrobial properties of neutrophils and may represent a novel antibacterial therapeutic target.
18 citations
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TL;DR: An important role is suggested for DC, or factors secreted by them, in the induction of protective immunity to plague by the rF1 and rV antigens.
Abstract: Summary
The F1 and V antigens of Yersinia pestis, despite acting as virulence factors secreted by the organism during infection, also combine to produce an effective recombinant vaccine against plague, currently in clinical trial. The protective mechanisms induced by rF1 + rV probably involve interactions with dendritic cells (DC) as antigen uptake, processing and presenting cells. To study such interactions, naive ex vivo DC from bone marrow, spleen and lymph node were cultured with rF1, rV or combined antigens and demonstrated to secrete interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12 into the culture supernatant. Cytokine production in response to pulsing was dependent on the maturity of the bone marrow-derived DC culture, so that pulsed 8-day-old cultures had accumulated significantly more intracellular IL-4 and IL-12 than unpulsed cells. DC, pulsed with rF1 + rV for 2–24 h, were able to prime naive autologous lymph node T cells to proliferate in an antigen dose-dependent manner, with an order of potency of 3d bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) > 7d BMDC > splenic DC. Significantly, cell-free supernatants from rF1 + rV-pulsed BMDC and splenic DC were also able to induce specific primary responses effectively in naive T cells, suggesting that these supernatants contained stimulatory factor(s). This study suggests an important role for DC, or factors secreted by them, in the induction of protective immunity to plague by the rF1 and rV antigens.
18 citations
Authors
Showing all 928 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Richard W. Titball | 79 | 410 | 22484 |
Andrew D. Griffiths | 72 | 152 | 37590 |
Alan D.T. Barrett | 71 | 341 | 17136 |
Jim Haywood | 67 | 213 | 20503 |
Philip N. Bartlett | 58 | 293 | 12798 |
Alan C. Newell | 58 | 209 | 17820 |
David A. Rand | 57 | 223 | 12157 |
Michael P. O'Donnell | 49 | 301 | 8762 |
James Hill | 47 | 216 | 6837 |
Franz Worek | 46 | 262 | 8754 |
Petra C. F. Oyston | 45 | 127 | 7155 |
K. Ravi Acharya | 45 | 161 | 7405 |
Horst Thiermann | 43 | 298 | 7091 |
Leigh T. Canham | 42 | 160 | 18268 |
Mark J. Midwinter | 39 | 180 | 5330 |