Institution
Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
Archive•Miami, Florida, United States•
About: Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden is a archive organization based out in Miami, Florida, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Endangered species. The organization has 119 authors who have published 282 publications receiving 9578 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Naturalis1, Utrecht University2, Duke University3, Institut de recherche pour le développement4, Institut national de la recherche agronomique5, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi6, University of California, Berkeley7, University of Leeds8, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária9, National Institute of Amazonian Research10, National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco11, University of Exeter12, World Wide Fund for Nature13, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno14, Norwegian University of Life Sciences15, Max Planck Society16, James Cook University17, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso18, University of Amsterdam19, Silver Spring Networks20, State University of Campinas21, University of Edinburgh22, University of Los Andes23, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute24, National University of Colombia25, University of East Anglia26, Central University of Ecuador27, Centre national de la recherche scientifique28, Humboldt State University29, New York Botanical Garden30, Universidade Federal do Acre31, Paul Sabatier University32, Missouri Botanical Garden33, Amazon.com34, University of Texas at Austin35, University of Florida36, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research37, Environmental Change Institute38, Federal Rural University of Amazonia39, University of São Paulo40, State University of Norte Fluminense41, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute42, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee43, Northern Arizona University44, Aarhus University45, Tropenbos International46, University of Kent47, Royal Botanic Gardens48, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana49, University of Missouri–St. Louis50, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden51, Florida International University52, Wake Forest University53
TL;DR: The finding that Amazonia is dominated by just 227 tree species implies that most biogeochemical cycling in the world’s largest tropical forest is performed by a tiny sliver of its diversity.
Abstract: The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species—less diverse than the North American tree flora—accounts for half of the world’s most diverse tree community.
963 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined spatial patterns of above-and below-ground carbon dynamics along a transect ranging from lowland Amazonia to the high Andes in SE Peru.
Abstract: The net primary productivity, carbon (C) stocks and turnover rates (i.e. C dynamics) of tropical forests are an important aspect of the global C cycle. These variables have been investigated in lowland tropical forests, but they have rarely been studied in tropical montane forests (TMFs). This study examines spatial patterns of above- and belowground C dynamics along a transect ranging from lowland Amazonia to the high Andes in SE Peru. Fine root biomass values increased from 1.50 Mg C ha−1 at 194 m to 4.95 ± 0.62 Mg C ha−1 at 3020 m, reaching a maximum of 6.83 ± 1.13 Mg C ha−1 at the 2020 m elevation site. Aboveground biomass values decreased from 123.50 Mg C ha−1 at 194 m to 47.03 Mg C ha−1 at 3020 m. Mean annual belowground productivity was highest in the most fertile lowland plots (7.40 ± 1.00 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) and ranged between 3.43 ± 0.73 and 1.48 ± 0.40 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the premontane and montane plots. Mean annual aboveground productivity was estimated to vary between 9.50 ± 1.08 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 (210 m) and 2.59 ± 0.40 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 (2020 m), with consistently lower values observed in the cloud immersion zone of the montane forest. Fine root C residence time increased from 0.31 years in lowland Amazonia to 3.78 ± 0.81 years at 3020 m and stem C residence time remained constant along the elevational transect, with a mean of 54 ± 4 years. The ratio of fine root biomass to stem biomass increased significantly with increasing elevation, whereas the allocation of net primary productivity above- and belowground remained approximately constant at all elevations. Although net primary productivity declined in the TMF, the partitioning of productivity between the ecosystem subcomponents remained the same in lowland, premontane and montane forests.
352 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data from repeated (2003/04-2007/08) censuses of 14 1-ha forest inventory plots spanning an elevational gradient from 950 to 3400 meters in Manu National Park in south-eastern Peru, to characterize changes in the elevational distributions of 38 Andean tree genera.
Abstract: Aim Climate change causes shifts in species distributions, or ‘migrations’. Despite the centrality of species distributions to biodiversity conservation, the demonstrated large migration of tropical plant species in response to climate change in the past, and the expected sensitivity of species distributions to modern climate change, no study has tested for modern species migrations in tropical plants. Here we conduct a first test of the hypothesis that increasing temperatures are causing tropical trees to migrate to cooler areas.
Location Tropical Andes biodiversity hotspot, south-eastern Peru, South America.
Methods We use data from repeated (2003/04–2007/08) censuses of 14 1-ha forest inventory plots spanning an elevational gradient from 950 to 3400 m in Manu National Park in south-eastern Peru, to characterize changes in the elevational distributions of 38 Andean tree genera. We also analyse changes in the genus-level composition of the inventory plots through time.
Results We show that most tropical Andean tree genera shifted their mean distributions upslope over the study period and that the mean rate of migration is approximately 2.5–3.5 vertical metres upslope per year. Consistent with upward migrations we also find increasing abundances of tree genera previously distributed at lower elevations in the majority of study plots.
Main conclusions These findings are in accord with the a priori hypothesis of upward shifts in species ranges due to elevated temperatures, and are potentially the first documented evidence of present-day climate-driven migrations in a tropical plant community. The observed mean rate of change is less than predicted from the temperature increases for the region, possibly due to the influence of changes in moisture or non-climatic factors such as substrate, species interactions, lags in tree community response and/or dispersal limitations. Whatever the cause(s), continued slower-than-expected migration of tropical Andean trees would indicate a limited ability to respond to increased temperatures, which may lead to increased extinction risks with further climate change.
306 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that impacts can be remediated through reducing demand for animal-based food products and increasing proportions of plant-based foods in diets, and reintegrating livestock production away from single-product, intensive, fossil-fuel based systems into diverse, coupled systems designed more closely around the structure and functions of ecosystems that conserve energy and nutrients.
288 citations
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TL;DR: With growing interest in perennial crops as valuable components of sustainable agriculture, rootstocks provide one mechanism by which to improve and expand woody perennial cultivation in a range of environmental conditions.
272 citations
Authors
Showing all 120 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
James W. Fourqurean | 61 | 165 | 17888 |
Miles R. Silman | 58 | 139 | 12986 |
Steven F. Oberbauer | 56 | 151 | 11383 |
Kenneth J. Feeley | 43 | 140 | 6789 |
Javier Francisco-Ortega | 38 | 122 | 4002 |
Robert W. Pemberton | 32 | 125 | 3981 |
Alan W. Meerow | 32 | 171 | 3390 |
Jack B. Fisher | 30 | 71 | 3165 |
Eric von Wettberg | 26 | 91 | 2856 |
John S. Donaldson | 25 | 48 | 3175 |
Hong Liu | 21 | 75 | 1850 |
Joyce Maschinski | 17 | 38 | 1034 |
Carl E. Lewis | 17 | 30 | 1444 |
Scott Zona | 16 | 52 | 1558 |
Mike Maunder | 16 | 29 | 598 |