Fraunhofer Society

About: Fraunhofer Society is a government organization based out in Munich, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Silicon. The organization has 24736 authors who have published 40168 publications receiving 820894 citations.

The pace of governed energy transitions: Agency, international dynamics and the global Paris agreement accelerating decarbonisation processes?

Abstract: The recent debate on the temporal dynamics of energy transitions is crucial since one of the main reasons for embarking on transitions away from fossil fuels is tackling climate change. Long-drawn out transitions, taking decades or even centuries as we have seen historically, are unlikely to help achieve climate change mitigation targets. Therefore, the pace of energy transitions and whether they can be sped up is a key academic and policy question. Our argument is that while history is important in order to understand the dynamics of transitions, the pace of historic transitions is only partly a good guide to the future. We agree with Sovacool’s [1] argument that quicker transitions have happened in the past and may therefore also be possible in the future globally. The key reason for our optimism is that historic energy transitions have not been consciously governed, whereas today a wide variety of actors is engaged in active attempts to govern the transition towards low carbon energy systems. In addition, international innovation dynamics can work in favour of speeding up the global low-carbon transition. Finally, the 2015 Paris agreement demonstrates a global commitment to move towards a low carbon economy for the first time, thereby signalling the required political will to foster quick transitions and to overcome resistance, such as from incumbents with sunk infrastructure investments.

Theory and arrangements of self-calibrating whole-body 3-D-measurement systems using fringe projection technique

Abstract: We report the basic concepts and experimental arrange- ments of self-calibrating 3-D measurement systems using structured- light illumination (fringe projection), which ensure a high number of ob- ject points, rapid data acquisition, and a simultaneous determination of coordinates and system parameters (self-calibration), making the system completely insensitive to environmental changes. Furthermore, it is un- necessary to have any marker on the object surface and a subsequent matching of the single views is not required to obtain a full-body mea- surement. For this purpose, the test object is successively illuminated with two grating sequences perpendicular to each other from at least two different directions, resulting in surplus phase values for each measure- ment point. Based on these phase values one can calculate the orienta- tion parameters as well as the 3-D coordinates simultaneously. Different measurement setups that have the ability to measure the entire surface (full-body measurement) are reported. Results are presented showing the power of this concept, for example, by measuring of the complete 3-D shape of specular technical surfaces, whereas the object volumes can differ strongly. Theoretical estimations proven by first measurements show a coordinate measurement accuracy of up to 10 25 of the measure- ment field size. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)01801-8)

A feature-based approach towards an integrated product model including conceptual design information

Abstract: Due to the highly complex and informal data that has to be managed in the conceptual design this early design phase still lacks of suitable computer support. Furthermore, existing approaches towards a computer aided conceptual design are insufficiently integrated with the downstream applications of the product development process. The paper therefore introduces an approach towards a feature-based integrated product model that incorporates a feature-based representation scheme for capturing product semantics handled in the conceptual design phase and links early design with part and assembly modelling.