Institution
Fraunhofer Society
Government•Munich, Germany•
About: Fraunhofer Society is a government organization based out in Munich, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Silicon. The organization has 24736 authors who have published 40168 publications receiving 820894 citations.
Topics: Laser, Silicon, Thin film, Solar cell, CAS Registry Number
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The EPIRET3 system is suitable to elicit visual percepts in blind retinitis pigmentosa patients because it depends stronger on pulse duration than on current amplitude or total charge delivered.
Abstract: PURPOSE. Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons has been shown to be a feasible way to elicit visual percepts in patients blind from retinal degenerations. The EPIRET3 retinal implant is the first completely wireless intraocular implant for epiretinal stimulation. Stimulation tests have been performed during a clinical trial that was carried out at the eye clinics of Aachen and Essen to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of the implant. METHODS. Six legally blind retinitis pigmentosa patients were included in the study. In accordance with the regulations laid down in the study protocol, three 1-hour perceptual tests for each subject were performed within 4 weeks of surgery. Stimuli were charge-balanced square current pulses of various durations and current amplitudes. RESULTS. All subjects reported visual percepts as a result of electrical stimulation by the implant. Thresholds for eliciting visual percepts varied between them but were below the safety limits of electrical stimulation. Stimulation success depended stronger on pulse duration than on current amplitude or total charge delivered. Subjects were able to discriminate between stimulation patterns of different orientations or at different locations of the electrode array. CONCLUSIONS. The EPIRET3 system is suitable to elicit visual percepts in blind retinitis pigmentosa patients. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:449-455) DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-4410
148 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a binder free thick film sulfur cathode based on a carbon structure with carbon nano tubes (CNT) is introduced, which can be varied between 3 and 20 µm −2 electrode leading to sulfur loads that are several times as high as in slurry electrodes.
148 citations
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TL;DR: In an effort to elucidate the impact of N-deposition from the atmosphere on trace gas fluxes (N2O, NO, CH4) from soils of temperate coniferous forests, two spruce forest sites in Germany and Ireland with comparable edaphic and climatic conditions, but with different seasons, were compared at different seasons as discussed by the authors.
148 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to study the microstructure and bonding of the resultant layers.
Abstract: Laser-arc evaporation of a graphite target has been used to deposit carbon films that exhibit high hardness (45 GPa) and elastic recovery (85%). High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were subsequently used to study the microstructure and bonding of the resultant layers. The structure of the films from HREM is seen to consist of a dense array of parallel curved graphene sheet segments packed in various orientations. EELS reveals that the films are comprised of mainly ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$-bonded carbon. The results suggest that a form of carbon thin film with fullerenelike structure can be realized. In order to explain how a predominantly ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$-bonded material can exhibit such a high hardness, a simple model is proposed to correlate the excellent mechanical properties with the observed structure.
147 citations
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TL;DR: The major challenges, as well as the major advances made to date in the recombinant expression of cellulases across the commonly used bacterial, plant and yeast systems are investigated.
Abstract: Second generation biofuel development is increasingly reliant on the recombinant expression of cellulases. Designing or identifying successful expression systems is thus of preeminent importance to industrial progress in the field. Recombinant production of cellulases has been performed using a wide range of expression systems in bacteria, yeasts and plants. In a number of these systems, particularly when using bacteria and plants, significant challenges have been experienced in expressing full-length proteins or proteins at high yield. Further difficulties have been encountered in designing recombinant systems for surface-display of cellulases and for use in consolidated bioprocessing in bacteria and yeast. For establishing cellulase expression in plants, various strategies are utilized to overcome problems, such as the auto-hydrolysis of developing plant cell walls. In this review, we investigate the major challenges, as well as the major advances made to date in the recombinant expression of cellulases across the commonly used bacterial, plant and yeast systems. We review some of the critical aspects to be considered for industrial-scale cellulase production.
147 citations
Authors
Showing all 24741 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Christian Gieger | 157 | 617 | 113657 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |
Klaus-Robert Müller | 129 | 764 | 79391 |
Ron Kikinis | 126 | 684 | 63398 |
Thomas Schwarz | 123 | 701 | 54560 |
Alexander J. Smola | 122 | 434 | 110222 |
Yang Li | 117 | 1319 | 63111 |
Paul Turner | 114 | 1099 | 61390 |
Wil M. P. van der Aalst | 108 | 725 | 42429 |
Ivan Dikic | 107 | 359 | 52088 |
Peter F. Stadler | 103 | 901 | 56813 |
Ralph Müller | 102 | 677 | 40888 |
Stefan Kaskel | 101 | 705 | 36201 |
Andreas Tünnermann | 97 | 1738 | 43757 |
Wenjun Zhang | 96 | 976 | 38530 |