Showing papers by "Hewlett-Packard published in 2022"

The 2021 flexible and printed electronics roadmap

Abstract: Author(s): Bonnassieux, Y; Brabec, CJ; Cao, Y; Carmichael, TB; Chabinyc, ML; Cheng, KT; Cho, G; Chung, A; Cobb, CL; Distler, A; Egelhaaf, HJ; Grau, G; Guo, X; Haghiashtiani, G; Huang, TC; Hussain, MM; Iniguez, B; Lee, TM; Li, L; Ma, Y; Ma, D; McAlpine, MC; Ng, TN; Osterbacka, R; Patel, SN; Peng, J; Peng, H; Rivnay, J; Shao, L; Steingart, D; Street, RA; Subramanian, V; Torsi, L; Wu, Y | Abstract: This roadmap includes the perspectives and visions of leading researchers in the key areas of flexible and printable electronics. The covered topics are broadly organized by the device technologies (sections 1–9), fabrication techniques (sections 10–12), and design and modeling approaches (sections 13 and 14) essential to the future development of new applications leveraging flexible electronics (FE). The interdisciplinary nature of this field involves everything from fundamental scientific discoveries to engineering challenges; from design and synthesis of new materials via novel device design to modelling and digital manufacturing of integrated systems. As such, this roadmap aims to serve as a resource on the current status and future challenges in the areas covered by the roadmap and to highlight the breadth and wide-ranging opportunities made available by FE technologies.

High Responsivity Si-Ge Waveguide Avalanche Photodiodes Enhanced by Loop Reflector

Abstract: We present a loop reflector-assisted silicon-germanium waveguide avalanche photodiode with improved responsivity. Compared to the same APD without the reflector, it has 1.49 times higher responsivity, $\sim$ 1.12 A/W, without compromising the speed performance. It exhibits a 3 dB-bandwidth of $\sim$ 25 GHz, a build-up time limited gain-bandwidth product of $\sim$ 296 GHz, a highest gain-bandwidth product of $\sim$ 497 GHz. Clear eye diagrams are measured at both 32 Gbps NRZ and 64 Gbps PAM4 modulation, and a 1 $\sim$ 2 dB better sensitivity up to −15.7 dBm with 32 Gbps NRZ at a BER of 2.4 $\times 10^{-4}$ .

High-temperature error-free operation in a heterogeneous silicon quantum dot comb laser

Abstract: We show error-free operation in over 40 comb lines from a heterogeneous silicon comb laser operating continuous-wave at a substrate temperature of 50°C. Such devices are attractive sources for optical interconnects in next-generation HPC systems.

Genotyping-by-sequencing and genome-wide association study reveal genetic diversity and loci controlling agronomic traits in triticale

Abstract: The genetic diversity and loci underlying agronomic traits were analyzed by the reads coverage and genome-wide association study based genotyping-by-sequencing in a diverse population consisting of 199 accessions. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is an economically important grain forage and energy crop planted worldwide for its high biomass. Little is known about the genetic diversity and loci underlying agronomic traits in triticale. We performed genotyping-by-sequencing of 199 cultivars and mapped reads to the A, B, D, and R genomes for karyotype analysis. These cultivars could mostly be grouped into five types. Some chromosome abnormalities occurred with high frequency, such as 2D (2R) substitution, deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2D or the short arm of 5R, and translocation of the long arms of 7D/7A, the short arms of 6D/6A, or the long arms of 1D/1A. We chose only widely planted hexaploid triticale cultivars (153) for genome-wide association study. These cultivars could be divided into nine distinct groups, and the linkage disequilibrium decay was 25.4 kb in this population. We identified 253 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) on 20 chromosomes, except 7R. Twenty-one reliable MTAs were identified repeatedly over two environments. We predicted 16 putative candidate genes involved in plant growth and development using the genome sequences of wheat and rye. These results provide a basis for understanding the genetic mechanisms of agronomic traits and will benefit the breeding of improved hexaploid triticale.

A Vision Inspired Neural Network for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Unordered Data

Abstract: A fundamental problem in the field of unsupervised machine learning is the detection of anomalies corresponding to rare and unusual observations of interest; reasons include for their rejection, accommodation or further investigation. Anomalies are intuitively understood to be something unusual or inconsistent, whose occurrence sparks immediate attention. More formally anomalies are those observations-under appropriate random variable modelling-whose expectation of occurrence with respect to a grouping of prior interest is less than one; such a definition and understanding has been used to develop the parameter-free perception anomaly detection algorithm. The present work seeks to establish important and practical connections between the approach used by the perception algorithm and prior decades of research in neurophysiology and computational neuroscience; particularly that of information processing in the retina and visual cortex. The algorithm is conceptualised as a neuron model which forms the kernel of an unsupervised neural network that learns to signal unexpected observations as anomalies. Both the network and neuron display properties observed in biological processes including: immediate intelligence; parallel processing; redundancy; global degradation; contrast invariance; parameter-free computation, dynamic thresholds and non-linear processing. A robust and accurate model for anomaly detection in univariate and multivariate data is built using this network as a concrete application.

An incomplete taxonomy of self-assigned color specialties

Abstract: Every discipline in science or professional practice can be sub-divided into specialties and subspecialties. E.g., in medicine a doctor could indicate that their specialty is ophthalmology and their sub-specialty the retina, or in chemistry a specialty could be analytical chemistry and a sub-specialty spectroscopy. But, what are the specialties and sub-specialties of the color discipline? The present report shares the anonymized results of a 152-participant, online survey conducted between 23rd May and 8th June 2022 that suggests 11 top-level color specialties.

Rules for Linking All Our Operations

Abstract: AbstractEnglish translation of the fourth chapter of Ernst Schröder’s Lehrbuch der Arithmetik und Algebra für Lehrer und Studirende. In the first half of the chapter, Schröder lets his universally quantified variables range over the positive whole numbers and assigns his seven operations the properties they normally possess in this domain. He then identifies various conditions under which expressions featuring two or more operation-symbols are to be equated. He also offers a meticulous analysis of conventions governing the omission of parentheses. The second half of the chapter, is a contribution to formal algebra in which Schröder “investigates the laws of algebraic operations that apply to entirely general numbers in an unbounded domain making no further assumptions about their nature.” His main goal is to determine what follows from what: to distinguish “assumptions or premises as clearly as possible and investigate what each of them entails.” He further develops his class-algebra by allowing his operations to have classes as both inputs and outputs.

Uncovering the Role of Ordering in MoSi Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors with 4D STEM

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The Operations of the Logical Calculus

Abstract: AbstractEnglish translation of Ernst Schröder’s 1877 booklet Der Operationskreis des Logikkalkuls (Leipzig: Teubner) and his “Note über den Operationskreis des Logikcalculs,” Mathematische Annalen 12 (1877): 481–484. Schröder presents a reconstruction of Boole’s logical calculus that is “purified” in the sense that it admits only formulas readily interpretable as statements about relations between classes.

Welfare systems

Abstract: The chapter provides an analysis of the welfare states in the four growth models. In terms of public and social spending, the non-inclusive growth (NIG) countries record the highest values, while on the opposite side, we find the non-inclusive low growth (NILG) countries. Concerning pensions, the NILG countries show the highest share of pension spending and guarantee very generous replacement rates, followed by the dualistic inclusive growth (DIG) countries. The values displayed by the egalitarian inclusive growth (EIG) and NIG are more contained both in terms of expenditure and generosity. Regarding the policies against poverty, the EIG countries are the most effective in reducing poverty rates, followed by those of the DIG, while the NIG and NILG ones show high poverty rates both before and after transfers. Shifting the focus on family policies, the EIG countries are the only ones that allocate more resources on services than on monetary transfers. Finally, concerning health policy, in almost all countries, coverage is universal, except for the United States. However, there are different sources of financing for health expenditure. The analysis thus confirms four well-defined and distinguishable welfare states that imply equally different redistributive capacities.

Galton’s regression to and away from the mean

Abstract: Abstract Francis Galton’s achievements include the phenomenon of IQ regression to the mean of descendants in a hereditary context. A naïve interpretation yields that subsequent generations ultimately converge to the mean of the distribution, a fix point. We provide a simple assumption regarding descendants so that we obtain a counter balancing force, regression away from the mean, which will preserve an initial distribution. The argument is supported by ‘experimental’ statistics. We discretize a normal distribution, and subsequently replace many times a parent by a child, where a parent and a child are generated randomly, while the child is constrained by the regression equation. Our simple assumption guarantees that the original distribution is preserved. We obtain the regression to the mean effect from the perspective of the parent and a regression away from the mean effect from the perspective of the descendants. Our assumption, and others, corresponds, we believe, with a conjecture about the ‘mechanics’ for the generation of a specific heritable trait.