Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México

About: Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México is a education organization based out in Mexico City, Mexico. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Politics & Population. The organization has 1098 authors who have published 2532 publications receiving 39083 citations. The organization is also known as: Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico & Mexico Autonomous Institute of Technology.

Automatic Specification Testing for Vector Autoregressions and Multivariate Nonlinear Time Series Models

Abstract: This article introduces an automatic test for the correct specification of a vector autoregression (VAR) model. The proposed test statistic is a Portmanteau statistic with an automatic selection of the order of the residual serial correlation tested. The test presents several attractive characteristics: simplicity, robustness, and high power in finite samples. The test is simple to implement since the researcher does not need to specify the order of the autocorrelation tested and the proposed critical values are simple to approximate, without resorting to bootstrap procedures. In addition, the test is robust to the presence of conditional heteroscedasticity of unknown form and accounts for estimation uncertainty without requiring the computation of large-dimensional inverses of near-to-singularity covariance matrices. The basic methodology is extended to general nonlinear multivariate time series models. Simulations show that the proposed test presents higher power than the existing ones for models common...

Social and political trust in developing countries: sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America

Abstract: From a modernization perspective, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America—two of the poorest regions in the world—conform to one another in that citizens of both regions express very low levels of horizontal, generalized interpersonal trust. Indeed, these two regions are among the least trusting societies in the world. Both are low in terms of “bridging” trust, and both also have high degrees of particularized “bonding” trust. However, these regions differ sharply with respect to vertical, institutional trust. People in sub-Saharan Africa express relatively high levels of trust in national institutions; and Latin Americans offer very low levels of trust, with many expressing sheer cynicism. Finally, the data at hand reveal few important linkages between levels of trust in government or the state and various facets of democratic citizenship.

Passivity-Based Control of Mechanical Systems

Abstract: Stabilization of mechanical systems by shaping their energy function is a well-established technique whose roots date back to the work of Lagrange and Dirichlet. Ortega and Spong in 1989 proved that passivity is the key property underlying the stabilization mechanism of energy shaping designs and the, now widely popular, term of passivity-based control (PBC) was coined. In this chapter, we briefly recall the history of PBC of mechanical systems and summarize its main recent developments. The latter includes: (i) an explicit formula for one of the free tuning gains that simplifies the computations, (ii) addition of PID controllers to robustify and make constructive the PBC design and to track ramp references, (iii) use of PBC to solve the position feedback global tracking problem, and (iv) design of robust and adaptive speed observers.

Four decades of Fund arrangements : macroeconomic stylized facts before the adjustment programs

Abstract: This paper analyzes the initial conditions before Fund financial arrangements are adopted. Evidence from 324 Fund arrangements in 78 developing countries during 1973-91 indicates that there are important differences in the characteristics between program episodes and a control group. Program episodes exhibit weaker balance of payments, output growth, investment, external conditions and fiscal policy than the control group; they are also characterized by a higher degree of external indebtedness and inflation, and their exchange rates are more depreciated in both nominal and real terms. Only in the case of the growth rates of money and credit do the two groups appear to be statistically similar.

Evaluación comparativa del potencial emprendedor de Latinoamérica: una perspectiva multinivel

Abstract: Este articulo presenta un ordenamiento jerarquico de la propension emprendedora de diez paises latinoamericanos, basandose en los datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor recabados en 2006. En el enfoque metodologico se utiliza un analisis multinivel o regresion jerarquica que permite generar un ordenamiento de los paises considerados, ajustado por los principales determinantes del potencial emprendedor tanto a nivel individual como a nivel pais. Los resultados indican que varias de las naciones latinoamericanas no estan desarrollando al maximo su potencial emprendedor