Leicester General Hospital

About: Leicester General Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Leicester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 2481 authors who have published 3034 publications receiving 107437 citations.

Associations of mutually exclusive categories of physical activity and sedentary time with markers of cardiometabolic health in English adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Health Survey for England

Abstract: Both physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been individually associated with health, however, the extent to which the combination of these behaviours influence health is less well-known. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of four mutually exclusive categories of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time on markers of cardiometabolic health in a nationally representative sample of English adults. Using the 2008 Health Survey for England dataset, 2131 participants aged ≥18 years, who provided valid accelerometry data, were included for analysis and grouped into one of four behavioural categories: (1) ‘Busy Bees’: physically active & low sedentary, (2) ‘Sedentary Exercisers’: physically active & high sedentary, (3) ‘Light Movers’: physically inactive & low sedentary, and (4) ‘Couch Potatoes’: physically inactive & high sedentary. ‘Physically active’ was defined as accumulating at least 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week. ‘Low sedentary’ was defined as residing in the lowest quartile of the ratio between the average sedentary time and the average light-intensity physical activity time. Weighted multiple linear regression models, adjusting for measured confounders, investigated the differences in markers of health across the derived behavioural categories. The associations between continuous measures of physical activity and sedentary levels with markers of health were also explored, as well as a number of sensitivity analyses. In comparison to ‘Couch Potatoes’, ‘Busy Bees’ [body mass index: −1.67 kg/m2 (p < 0.001); waist circumference: −1.17 cm (p = 0.007); glycated haemoglobin: −0.12 % (p = 0.003); HDL-cholesterol: 0.09 mmol/L (p = 0.001)], ‘Sedentary Exercisers’ [body mass index: −1.64 kg/m2 (p < 0.001); glycated haemoglobin: −0.11 % (p = 0.009); HDL-cholesterol: 0.07 mmol/L (p < 0.001)] and ‘Light Movers’ [HDL-cholesterol: 0.11 mmol/L (p = 0.004)] had more favourable health markers. The continuous analyses showed consistency with the categorical analyses and the sensitivity analyses indicated robustness and stability. In this national sample of English adults, being physically active was associated with a better health profile, even in those with concomitant high sedentary time. Low sedentary time independent of physical activity had a positive association with HDL-cholesterol.

Dimerization of human pS2 (TFF1) plays a key role in its protective/healing effects

Abstract: Human pS2 (trefoil factor family 1, TFF1), a 60-amino acid member of the trefoil peptide family, forms dimers via Cys58 and may stimulate gut repair. The effects of dimeric pS2-TFF1 and monomeric pS2-TFF1 (Cys58 replaced by Ser58) were compared in models of wound healing. Rats given dimeric pS2-TFF1 at 25 and 50 μg/kg per h had 50 per cent and 70 per cent reduction in gastric damage induced respectively by indomethacin (20 mg/kg subcutaneously) and restraint (P<0·01). Monomeric pS2-TFF1, at the same doses, was significantly less effective at reducing injury (about half the amount of protection, P<0·01 vs. same doses of dimeric). The rate of migration of cells at the leading edge of wounded monolayers of the human colonic cell line HT29 was increased by addition of dimeric or monomeric forms of pS2-TFF1 (0·65–325 μg/ml). Dimeric pS2-TFF1 had a greater effect than the monomeric form at all doses tested (P<0·05). Cell migration induced by pS2-TFF1 was blocked by a pS2-TFF1 antibody, but not by a transforming growth factor β neutralizing antibody. pS2-TFF1 did not influence cell proliferation as assessed by thymidine incorporation. The increased biological effects of dimeric pS2-TFF1 might be due to direct interaction of Cys58 with a putative trefoil receptor or, more likely, dimerization of pS2-TFF1 might stabilize the interaction with its receptor. This may involve a bivalent interaction of residues on the surfaces of the two trefoil domains. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Clinical significance of recurrent psychogenic nonepileptic seizure status.

Abstract: To explore the clinical significance of a history of recurrent psychogenic nonepileptic seizure status (PNES-status), this study describes the frequency of PNES-status in 85 consecutive PNES patients and examines whether there are relevant differences between patients with a history of recurrent PNES-status and other PNES-patients. PNES patients were also compared with 64 patients with epilepsy. Data were extracted from hospital records and a postal questionnaire (Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire; Screening for Somatoform Symptoms; Dissociative Experience Scale). Of the PNES-patients, 77.6% reported at least one seizure > 30 minutes (PNES-status), 27 % admission to intensive care with status. 38.8% reported recurrent hospital admissions with status (PNES-status group), the remaining patients served as PNES-controls. The only clinical difference between the two PNES groups was that status patients were younger than PNES-controls (mean age 20.3 vs. 30.3 years, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that PNES status is common and often unrecognised. There were no substantial psychometric differences between patients with recurrent PNES-status and other PNES patients although both PNES-groups had more abnormal somatisation, dissociation and personality scores than patients with epilepsy.

Beyond Cut Points: Accelerometer Metrics that Capture the Physical Activity Profile.

Abstract: PurposeCommonly used physical activity metrics tell us little about the intensity distribution across the activity profile. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a metric, the intensity gradient, which can be used in combination with average acceleration (overall activity level) to fully