Showing papers by "McGill University published in 1986"
Book•
01 Jan 1986TL;DR: The International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior as mentioned in this paper describes the approaches of successful managers in interacting with people from a wide range of cultures, including from Asia, Africa, Eastern and Western Europe, the Middle East, and people from both North and South America.
Abstract: Unlike many other books in the field that simply compare managers working at home in their various cultures, International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior describes the approaches of successful managers in interacting with people from a wide range of cultures, including from Asia, Africa, Eastern and Western Europe, the Middle East, and people from both North and South America.
3,127 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1986TL;DR: In this article, Cartesian closed categories and Calculus are used to represent Numerical functions in various categories and to describe the relation between categories. But they do not specify the topology of the categories.
Abstract: Preface Part I. Introduction to Category Theory: Part II. Cartesian Closed Categories and Calculus: Part III. Type Theory and Toposes: Part IV. Representing Numerical Functions in Various Categories Bibliography Author index Subject index.
1,388 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics involved in the movement of the contact line when one liquid displaces an immiscible second liquid where both are in contact with a smooth solid surface are investigated.
Abstract: An investigation is made into the dynamics involved in the movement of the contact line when one liquid displaces an immiscible second liquid where both are in contact with a smooth solid surface. In order to remove the stress singularity at the contact line, it has been postulated that slip between the liquid and the solid or some other mechanism must occur very close to the contact line. The general procedure for solution is described for a general model for such slip and also for a general geometry of the system. Using matched asymptotic expansions, it is shown that for small capillary number and for small values of the length over which slip occurs, there are either 2 or 3 regions of expansion necessary depending on the limiting process being considered. For the very important situation where 3 regions occur, solutions are obtained from which it is observed that in general there is a maximum value of the capillary number for which the solutions exist. The results obtained are compared with existing theories and experiments.
1,218 citations
TL;DR: These authors have derived extremely suggestive conceptual typologies and empirical taxonomies of strategy, focusing on variables that have enjoyed much attention from industrial economists — variables that were shown repeatedly to influence performance; those that can often be manipulated by managers.
Abstract: In recent years the field of business strategy/policy has made some very significant advances. The conceptual work of Porter (1980) and the empirical studies of the PIMS data by Hambrick and his collaborators (1983, 1983a) are among the most interesting. These authors have derived extremely suggestive conceptual typologies and empirical taxonomies of strategy, focusing on variables that have enjoyed much attention from industrial economists — variables that were shown repeatedly to influence performance; those that can often be manipulated by managers. These include differentiation (e.g. innovation, advertising, product quality); cost leadership (capacity utilization, relative direct costs); focus (breadth of product lines, heterogeneity of clientele); and asset parsimony (fixed assets to revenue). Dimensions of market power are also considered (market share rank, barriers to entry, dependence on suppliers and customers), as are performance variables (ROI, earnings variability, growth in market share). The importance of some of these dimensions had already been suggested by Hofer and Schendel (1978) and Henderson (1979).
1,105 citations
TL;DR: The complete nucleotide and primary structure of a full length mdr cDNA capable of conferring a complete multidrug-resistant phenotype is presented and strong homology suggests that a highly conserved functional unit involved in membrane transport is present in the mdr polypeptide.
1,054 citations
TL;DR: This work has attempted to explain adrenocortical activity during this period in terms of the unique pattern of glucocorticoid-receptor concentrations that exist in the brain and pituitary of the neonatal rat, which ensures the low, stable corticoid levels that appear to be optimal for neuronal development in glucocortex-sensitive brain regions.
1,007 citations
TL;DR: Schizophrenia itself is associated with an increase in brain D2 dopamine receptor density, and the densities in the caudate nucleus were higher in both groups of patients than in the normal volunteers.
Abstract: In postmortem studies of patients with schizophrenia, D2 dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia have been observed to be more numerous than in patients with no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. Because most patients with schizophrenia are treated with neuroleptic drugs that block D2 dopamine receptors in the caudate nucleus, it has been suggested that this increase in the number of receptors is a result of adaptation to these drugs rather than a biochemical abnormality intrinsic to schizophrenia. With positron emission tomography (PET), the D2 dopamine receptor density in the caudate nucleus of living human beings was measured in normal volunteers and in two groups of patients with schizophrenia--one group that had never been treated with neuroleptics and another group that had been treated with these drugs. D2 dopamine receptor densities in the caudate nucleus were higher in both groups of patients than in the normal volunteers. Thus, schizophrenia itself is associated with an increase in brain D2 dopamine receptor density.
908 citations
TL;DR: The panelists for the discussion were C. James Carrico, MD, from Seattle; Jonathan Meakins, DSc, FRCSC, FACS, from Montreal; Donald Fry,MD, from Cleveland; and Ronald V. Maier, MD from Seattle, who all had experience of multiple-organ-failure syndrome.
Abstract: INCIDENCE AND PROBLEMS OF MULTIPLE-ORGAN-FAILURE SYNDROMES The panelists for the discussion were C. James Carrico, MD, from Seattle; Jonathan Meakins, MD, DSc, FRCSC, FACS, from Montreal; Donald Fry, MD, from Cleveland; and Ronald V. Maier, MD, from Seattle. Dr Carrico: Multiple-organ-failure (MOF) syndrome is a process that occurs following 7% to 22% of emergency operations and between 30% and 50% of operations for intra-abdominal sepsis; MOF syndrome carries a mortality that varies from 30% to 100% depending on the number of organs involved. Treatment usually involves support of the organ (system) function and control of sepsis. 1,2 In developing a clinical description, we can use a classic description of respiratory failure from the late 1960s as a model. Rather than a single organ we need to describe the function of several systems and follow the changes through a series of stages, beginning with the patient who has recently experienced one
893 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the temperature and acentric factor dependence of the attractive term of the Peng-Robinson equation of state have been modified and the introduction of a single pure compound parameter allows the accurate reproduction of the vapor pressure data for a wide variety of substances.
Abstract: The temperature and acentric factor dependence of the attractive term of the Peng—Robinson equation of state have been modified. The introduction of a single pure compound parameter allows the accurate reproduction of the vapor pressure data for a wide variety of substances. Nonpolar, polar nonassociating and associating compounds are equally well represented by the cubic PRSV equation of state. The conventional one-binary-parameter mixing rule allows the correlation of the vapor—liquid equilibrium data for a wide variety of binary systems. Only for systems formed by a polar compound (associating or not) and a saturated hydrocarbon, are results poorer than those obtained with conventional excess Gibbs energy functions.
844 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical investigation of 97 firms was conducted to determine the relationships that three aspects of the chief executive's CEO's personality have with the strategies, structures, decision making methods and performance of their firms.
Abstract: An empirical investigation of 97 firms was conducted to determine the relationships that three aspects of the chief executive's CEO's personality have with the strategies, structures, decision making methods and performance of their firms. CEO flexibility was associated with niche strategies, simple, informal structures, and intuitive, risk-embracing decision making. CEO need for achievement was related to broadly focussed, marketing-oriented strategies, formal and sophisticated structures, and proactive, analytical decision making. Executives with an internal locus of control pursued more product innovation, were more future oriented, and tailored their approaches to the circumstances facing their firms. The relationships between personality and organizational characteristics were found to be by far the strongest in small firms and also somewhat more significant in dynamic environments. Flexibility and locus of control related to corporate performance under certain conditions; need for achievement did not.
807 citations
TL;DR: The isolation of DNA clones complementary to the cellular messenger RNA transcripts of mdr genes are reported and it is shown that high-level expression of a full-length complementary DNA clone in an otherwise drug-sensitive cell confers a complete multidrug-resistant phenotype.
Abstract: The emergence and outgrowth of a population of tumour cells resistant to multiple drugs is a major problem in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. We have used highly drug-resistant cell lines developed in vitro to study the molecular basis of multidrug resistance. In these cell lines high levels of resistance are frequently associated with amplification and overexpression of a small group of genes termed mdr (refs 1–3) or gp170 (ref. 4). Direct evaluation of the role of these genes in multidrug resistance has awaited the isolation of a member of this gene family in a biologically active form. Here we report the isolation of DNA clones complementary to the cellular messenger RNA transcripts of mdr genes and show that high-level expression of a full-length complementary DNA clone in an otherwise drug-sensitive cell confers a complete multidrug-resistant phenotype. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of a single member of the mdr group is sufficient to confer drug resistance. Furthermore, because the cDNA was isolated from a drug-sensitive cell, mutations in the primary sequence of mdr are not required to produce a multi-drug-resistance phenotype.
TL;DR: The decomposition of TPP is summarized by the equation TPP => PPP + VPP, and VPP is transformed to a two-dimensional PPP in path-time space with some additional constraints.
Abstract: We present a novel approach to solving the trajectory plan ning problem (TPP) in time-varying environments. The es sence of our approach lies in a heuristic but natural decom position of TPP into t...
TL;DR: The overexpression of a similar anionic glutathione transferase in human breast cancer cells selected for multidrug resistance and in rat hyperplastic liver nodules, which develop resistance to various hepatotoxins, suggests a possible role for this drug-conjugating enzyme in the mechanism of resistance in both of these states.
TL;DR: Various identification schemes that have been proposed for the Hammerstein and Wiener systems are critically reviewed with reference to the special problems that arise in the identification of nonlinear biological systems.
Abstract: Systems that can be represented by a cascade of a dynamic linear subsystem preceded (Hammerstein cascade model) or followed (Wiener cascade model) by a static nonlinearity are considered Various identification schemes that have been proposed for the Hammerstein and Wiener systems are critically reviewed with reference to the special problems that arise in the identification of nonlinear biological systems Examples of Wiener and Hammerstein systems are identified from limited duration input-output data using an iterative identification scheme
TL;DR: The techniques of propositionol analysis are used to examine the protocols of seven cardiologists in a task involving the diagnosis of a case of acute bacterial endocarditis and an explanation of its underlying pathophysiology.
TL;DR: A review of the literature indicates that the presence or absence of wings may be controlled by a single locus, two‐allele genetic system or a polygenic system, and both types of inheritance can be subsumed within a general threshold model.
Abstract: Wing-dimorphic insects are excellent subjects for a study of the evolution of dispersal since the nondispersing brachypterous morph is easily recognized. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework within which the evolution of wing dimorphism can be understood. A review of the literature indicates that the presence or absence of wings may be controlled by a single locus, two-allele genetic system or a polygenic system. Both types of inheritance can be subsumed within a general threshold model. An increase in the frequency of a brachypterous morph in a population may result from an increased relative fitness of this morph or the emigration of the macropterous type. The abundance of wing-polymorphic species argues for an increased fitness of the brachypterous form. An analysis of the life-history characteristics of 22 species of insects indicates that the brachypterous morph is both more fecund and reproduces earlier that the macropterous morph. Unfortunately, data on males are generally lacking. It is suggested that suppression of wing production results when some hormone, perhaps juvenile hormone, exceeds a threshold value during a critical stage of development. Further, it is known that in the monomorphically winged species Oncopeltus fasciatus both flight and oviposition are regulated by the titer of juvenile hormone. These observations are used to construct a possible pathway for the evolution of wing dimorphism. This suggests that evolution to a dimorphic species requires both an increase in the rate of production of the wing suppressing hormone and a change in the threshold level at which wing and wing-muscle production are suppressed. The stage in this evolutionary sequence that an organism will reach depends on the stability of the habitat.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ methods of taxonomy on the PIMS data base of consumer durable business units to determine whether Porter's differentiation, cost leadership and focus types occur with any degree of regularity.
Abstract: Porter's (1980) three generic strategies have received a great deal of attention recently in the literature on strategic management. In this, the first of two papers, we employ methods of taxonomy on the PIMS data base of consumer durable business units to determine whether Porter's differentiation, cost leadership and focus types occur with any degree of regularity. Then, in a sequel paper to appear in O.S. we examine whether the types differ among each other and between types not displaying differentiation or cost leadership in their growth and ROI performance.
Book•
01 Jan 1986TL;DR: The logarithmic integral is a thread connecting many apparently separate parts of the subject, and so is a natural point at which to begin a serious study of real and complex analysis as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The theme of this unique work, the logarithmic integral, lies athwart much of twentieth century analysis. It is a thread connecting many apparently separate parts of the subject, and so is a natural point at which to begin a serious study of real and complex analysis. Professor Koosis' aim is to show how, from simple ideas, one can build up an investigation which explains and clarifies many different, seemingly unrelated problems; to show, in effect, how mathematics grows. The presentation is straightforward, so this, the first of two volumes, is self-contained, but more importantly, by following the theme, Professor Koosis has produced a work that can be read as a whole. He has brought together here many results, some unpublished, some new, and some available only in inaccessible journals.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the impact of cultural diversity on international organizational behavior and suggest that cross-cultural management would greatly benefit from comparative studies considering the cognitive aspects of culture on managerial practice.
TL;DR: A synthesis of the literature suggesting a main role for VLM neurons in the control of the circulation is presented and developments suggesting a role for monoamines and neuropeptides in mediating the neural and humoral control of SAP are presented.
TL;DR: Although in comparisons of more distantly related mtDNAs the D-loop region is the most divergent on the molecule, it does not diverge more than typical protein genes between R. norvegicus and R. rattus, and its central conserved domain appears to be one of the molecule's most conserved regions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the presence of a surfactant on the dynamics involved in the movement of the contact line when one liquid displaces an immiscible second liquid where both are in contact with a smooth solid surface is discussed.
Abstract: A theoretical study is made of the effect of the presence of a surfactant on the dynamics involved in the movement of the contact line when one liquid displaces an immiscible second liquid where both are in contact with a smooth solid surface. The general procedure of solution is described for a general model for slip between solid and liquid near the contact line and also for a general macroscopic geometry. For small capillary number and for small values of the length over which slip occurs, it is shown, using singular perturbation analysis, that either 2 or 3 regions of expansion are necessary depending on the type of limiting process being considered. Solutions are obtained for both situations but for the more important three-region expansion case (where there can be large dynamic effects), a detailed discussion is given of the manner in which the observable macroscopic contact angle is shown to depend on the contact line velocity and on surfactant concentration. The conditions of validity for the theory are also discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reproducing kernel for the Hilbert space of functions plays a central role, and defines the best interpolating functions, which are generalized spline functions, for principal component analysis of longitudinal data.
Abstract: This paper describes a technique for principal components analysis of data consisting ofn functions each observed atp argument values. This problem arises particularly in the analysis of longitudinal data in which some behavior of a number of subjects is measured at a number of points in time. In such cases information about the behavior of one or more derivatives of the function being sampled can often be very useful, as for example in the analysis of growth or learning curves. It is shown that the use of derivative information is equivalent to a change of metric for the row space in classical principal components analysis. The reproducing kernel for the Hilbert space of functions plays a central role, and defines the best interpolating functions, which are generalized spline functions. An example is offered of how sensitivity to derivative information can reveal interesting aspects of the data.
TL;DR: The data show that the increased concentration of LDL-apo B in hyperapo B is solely due to increased LDL synthesis, which is secondary to increased VLDL synthesis; in contrast, in FH there is both an increase in synthesis of LDL (which is partly V LDL-independent) and reduced catabolism.
Abstract: The turnover of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in very low density, intermediate density, and low density lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, and LDL) and in the light and heavy fractions of LDL was determined in seven patients with hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (hyperapo B), six normolipidemic subjects, and five patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). After receiving an injection of 125I-VLDL, hyperapo B patients were found to have a higher rate of synthesis of VLDL-apo B than controls (40.1 vs. 21.5 mg/kg per d, P less than 0.05) but a reduced fractional catabolic rate (FCR) (0.230 vs. 0.366/h, P less than 0.01). After receiving an injection of 131I-LDL, hyperapo B patients had higher rates of LDL-apo B synthesis than controls (23.1 vs. 13.0 mg/kg per d, P less than 0.001), as did FH patients (22.7 mg/kg per d). The FCR of LDL was similar in hyperapo B patients and controls (0.386 vs. 0.366/d) but was markedly decreased in FH patients (0.192/d). Most subjects exhibited precursor-product relationships between VLDL and IDL, and all did between IDL and light LDL; an analogous relationship between light and heavy LDL was evident in most hyperapo B patients and controls but not in FH patients. Simultaneous injection of differentially labeled LDL fractions and deconvolution analysis showed increased light LDL synthesis with normal conversion into heavy LDL in hyperapo B, whereas in FH conversion of light LDL was reduced and there was independent synthesis of heavy LDL. These data show that the increased concentration of LDL-apo B in hyperapo B is solely due to increased LDL synthesis, which is secondary to increased VLDL synthesis; in contrast, in FH there is both an increase in synthesis of LDL (which is partly VLDL-independent) and reduced catabolism.
TL;DR: A nonlinear finite element program has been developed and applied to the analysis of a three-dimensional model of the lumbar L2-3 motion segment subjected to sagittal plane moments and results indicate that the load transfer path through the posterior elements of the joint in flexion is different from that in extension.
TL;DR: In a previous paper as discussed by the authors, the links between executive personality and the strategic and organizational orientations of troubled firms were examined, and it was argued that the personality of the top executive could influence strategy only in centralized firms; now, it is believed that this can happen even in decentralized organizations.
Abstract: In a previous paper, the links between executive personality and the strategic and organizational orientations of troubled firms were examined. In the present paper, original typologies of neurotic styles and corporate pathology are used, but the two are related using the concept of organizational culture which provides a useful vehicle for linking personality with strategy. In the previous paper it was argued that the personality of the top executive could influence strategy only in centralized firms; now, it is believed that through culture this can happen even in decentralized organizations. Several sets of hypotheses are generated to formalize this position.
TL;DR: Analysis with a community structure index and mean lengths of various taxa indicated that zooplankton community size structure was not correlated with either TP or chlorophyll, and the inverse relationship between body size and specific flux rates suggests that microzooplankton account for the major portion of zoopbattery community rates.
Abstract: The hypothesis was tested that zooplankton community size structure shifts toward an increased relative biomass of microzooplankton with increased lake trophy at 12 sites in Quebec, The seasonal mean abundance and biomass of ciliates, rotifers, nauplii, cladocerans, and cyclopoid copepods were significantly (P < 0.1) related to lake trophy, but Calanoid copepod abundance and biomass varied independently of lake trophy. Regressions of microzooplankton and macrozooplankton biomass with total phosphorus (TP) were highly significant (P < 0.000 l), and TP explained a large proportion of the total variation (microzooplankton: Y* = 0.72; macrozooplankton: r2 = 0.86). The regression models for microzooplankton and macrozooplankton were not significantly different, refuting the hypothesis that relative biomass changes with lake trophy. Further analysis with a community structure index (the slope of the log weight-log abundance relationship) and mean lengths of various taxa indicated that zooplankton community size structure was not correlated with either TP or chlorophyll. On average, about 40% of the total zooplankton biomass is accounted for by microzooplankton in the Quebec lakes. The inverse relationship between body size and specific flux rates suggests that microzooplankton account for the major portion of zooplankton community rates.
TL;DR: A new method of converting between the direct form predictor coefficients and line spectral frequencies is presented, which is highly accurate and can be used in a form that avoids the storage of trigonometric tables or the computation of trig onometric functions.
Abstract: Line spectral frequencies provide an alternate parameterization of the analysis and synthesis filters used in linear predictive coding (LPC) of speech. In this paper, a new method of converting between the direct form predictor coefficients and line spectral frequencies is presented. The system polynomial for the analysis filter is converted to two even-order symmetric polynomial with interlacing roots on the unit circle. The line spectral frequencies are given by the positions of the roots of these two auxiliary polynomials. The response of each of these polynomials on the unit circle is expressed as a series expansion in Chebyshev polynomials. The line spectral frequencies are found using an iterative root finding algorithm which searches for real roots of a real function. The algorithm developed is simple in structure and is designed to constrain the maximum number of evaluations of the series expansions. The method is highly accurate and can be used in a form that avoids the storage of trigonometric tables or the computation of trigonometric functions. The reconversion of line spectral frequencies to predictor coefficients uses an efficient algorithm derived by expressing the root factors as an expansion in Chebyshev polynomials.
TL;DR: Six common species of lake algae were found to ingest bacteria and a large biomass of Dinobryon species removed more bacteria from the water column of a lake than crustaceans, rotifers, and ciliates combined.
Abstract: Six common species of lake algae were found to ingest bacteria The ingestion rates measured were of the same magnitude as those recorded for marine microflagellates totally dependent on external sources of carbon A large biomass of Dinobryon species removed more bacteria from the water column of a lake than crustaceans, rotifers, and ciliates combined
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of brand salience on brand recall were investigated in five experiments, each involving a different product category, and the authors demonstrate that increasing the salience of a single brand can increase recall.
Abstract: The effects of brand salience on brand recall were investigated in five experiments, each involving a different product category. The authors demonstrate that increasing the salience of a single br...