Institution
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Nonprofit•Castroville, California, United States•
About: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Castroville, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Upwelling & Population. The organization has 630 authors who have published 2068 publications receiving 119899 citations. The organization is also known as: Monterey Bay Aquarium and Research Institute & MBARI.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The results imply that the majority of planktonic cells visualized by DAPI do not represent lysed cells or “ghosts,” as was suggested in a previous report.
Abstract: Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using rRNA-specific oligonucleotide probes has emerged as a popular technique for identifying individual microbial cells. In natural samples, however, the signal derived from fluor-labeled oligonucleotide probes often is undetectable above background fluorescence in many cells. To circumvent this difficulty, we applied fluorochrome-labeled polyribonucleotide probes to identify and enumerate marine planktonic archaea and bacteria. The approach greatly enhanced the sensitivity and applicability of FISH with seawater samples, allowing confident identification and enumeration of planktonic cells to ocean depths of 3,400 m. Quantitative whole-cell hybridization experiments using these probes accounted for 90 to 100% of the total 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained cells in most samples. As predicted in a previous study (R. Massana, A. E. Murray, C. M. Preston, and E. F. DeLong, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:50-56, 1997), group I and II marine archaea predominate in different zones in the water column, with maximal cell densities of 10(5)/ml. The high cell densities of archaea, extending from surface waters to abyssal depths, suggest that they represent a large and significant fraction of the total picoplankton biomass in coastal ocean waters. The data also show that the vast majority of planktonic prokaryotes contain significant numbers of ribosomes, rendering them easily detectable with polyribonucleotide probes. These results imply that the majority of planktonic cells visualized by DAPI do not represent lysed cells or "ghosts," as was suggested in a previous report.
301 citations
••
Swansea University1, North Carolina State University2, University of Copenhagen3, Spanish National Research Council4, James Hutton Institute5, Linnaeus University6, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science7, University of Bergen8, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research9, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute10, National Oceanography Centre11
TL;DR: It is shown how the exclusion of an explicit mixotrophic component in studies of the pelagic microbial communities leads to a failure to capture the true dynamics of the carbon flow, and recommended inclusion of multi-nutrient mixotroph models within ecosystem studies.
Abstract: The traditional view of the planktonic food web describes consumption of inorganic nutrients by photoautotrophic phytoplankton, which in turn supports zooplankton and ultimately higher trophic levels. Pathways centred on bacteria provide mechanisms for nutrient recycling. This structure lies at the foundation of most models used to explore biogeochemical cycling, functioning of the biological pump, and the impact of climate change on these processes. We suggest an alternative new paradigm, which sees the bulk of the base of this food web supported by protist plankton communities that are mixotrophic – combining phototrophy and phagotrophy within a single cell. The photoautotrophic eukaryotic plankton and their heterotrophic microzooplankton grazers dominate only during the developmental phases of ecosystems (e.g. spring bloom in temperate systems). With their flexible nutrition, mixotrophic protists dominate in more-mature systems (e.g. temperate summer, established eutrophic systems and oligotrophic systems); the more-stable water columns suggested under climate change may also be expected to favour these mixotrophs. We explore how such a predominantly mixotrophic structure affects microbial trophic dynamics and the biological pump. The mixotroph-dominated structure differs fundamentally in its flow of energy and nutrients, with a shortened and potentially more efficient chain from nutrient regeneration to primary production. Furthermore, mixotrophy enables a direct conduit for the support of primary production from bacterial production. We show how the exclusion of an explicit mixotrophic component in studies of the pelagic microbial communities leads to a failure to capture the true dynamics of the carbon flow. In order to prevent a misinterpretation of the full implications of climate change upon biogeochemical cycling and the functioning of the biological pump, we recommend inclusion of multi-nutrient mixotroph models within ecosystem studies.
301 citations
••
TL;DR: New ages for volcanoes of the central and southern Emperor chain define large changes in volcanic migration rate with little associated change in the chain's trend, which suggests that the Hawaiian-Emperor bend did not form by slowing of the Hawaiian hot spot.
Abstract: The Hawaiian-Emperor bend has played a prominent yet controversial role in deciphering past Pacific plate motions and the tempo of plate motion change. New ages for volcanoes of the central and southern Emperor chain define large changes in volcanic migration rate with little associated change in the chain's trend, which suggests that the bend did not form by slowing of the Hawaiian hot spot. Initiation of the bend near Kimmei seamount about 50 million years ago (MA) was coincident with realignment of Pacific spreading centers and early magmatism in western Pacific arcs, consistent with formation of the bend by changed Pacific plate motion.
292 citations
••
TL;DR: Well characterized and cultivated archaea are prokaryotic specialists that thrive in habitats of elevated temperature, low pH, high salinity, or strict anoxia.
290 citations
••
University of East Anglia1, Joint Genome Institute2, Norwich Research Park3, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn4, J. Craig Venter Institute5, Scripps Institution of Oceanography6, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research7, Université Paris-Saclay8, École Normale Supérieure9, University of Paris10, University of Cologne11, Leibniz Association12, University of Konstanz13, Medical University of South Carolina14, University of Duisburg-Essen15, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology16, University of Washington17, University of Nevada, Las Vegas18, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute19, University of British Columbia20, University of California, Berkeley21
TL;DR: In this article, the genome evolution of a cold-adapted diatom from the Southern Ocean, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, based on a comparison with temperate diatoms was studied.
Abstract: The Southern Ocean houses a diverse and productive community of organisms. Unicellular eukaryotic diatoms are the main primary producers in this environment, where photosynthesis is limited by low concentrations of dissolved iron and large seasonal fluctuations in light, temperature and the extent of sea ice. How diatoms have adapted to this extreme environment is largely unknown. Here we present insights into the genome evolution of a cold-adapted diatom from the Southern Ocean, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, based on a comparison with temperate diatoms. We find that approximately 24.7 per cent of the diploid F. cylindrus genome consists of genetic loci with alleles that are highly divergent (15.1 megabases of the total genome size of 61.1 megabases). These divergent alleles were differentially expressed across environmental conditions, including darkness, low iron, freezing, elevated temperature and increased CO2. Alleles with the largest ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions also show the most pronounced condition-dependent expression, suggesting a correlation between diversifying selection and allelic differentiation. Divergent alleles may be involved in adaptation to environmental fluctuations in the Southern Ocean.
287 citations
Authors
Showing all 636 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Edward F. DeLong | 102 | 262 | 42794 |
Gaurav S. Sukhatme | 89 | 664 | 29569 |
Francisco P. Chavez | 85 | 287 | 29131 |
Barbara A. Block | 78 | 272 | 19039 |
David A. Caron | 73 | 273 | 16938 |
Kenneth S. Johnson | 71 | 208 | 19892 |
Jonathan P. Zehr | 70 | 250 | 18542 |
Robert C. Vrijenhoek | 67 | 200 | 25542 |
David A. Clague | 65 | 240 | 14041 |
Kenneth H. Coale | 60 | 116 | 17637 |
Peter G. Brewer | 60 | 209 | 13158 |
Michael J. Kelley | 59 | 339 | 27513 |
Raphael M. Kudela | 59 | 229 | 12094 |
Charles K. Paull | 56 | 208 | 11139 |
Steven J. Hallam | 54 | 178 | 12936 |