Showing papers by "Motorola published in 1996"

Silicon carbide high-power devices

Abstract: In recent years, silicon carbide has received increased attention because of its potential for high-power devices. The unique material properties of SiC, high electric breakdown field, high saturated electron drift velocity, and high thermal conductivity are what give this material its tremendous potential in the power device arena. 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (1400 V) with forward current densities over 700 A/cm/sup 2/ at 2 V have been demonstrated. Packaged SITs have produced 57 W of output power at 500 MHz, SiC UMOSFETs (1200 V) are projected to have 15 times the current density of Si IGBTs (1200 V). Submicron gate length 4H-SiC MESFETs have achieved f/sub max/=32 GHz, f/sub T/=14.0 GHz, and power density=2.8 W/mm @ 1.8 GHz. The performances of a wide variety of SiC devices are compared to that of similar Si and GaAs devices and to theoretically expected results.

Methods of placing transistors in a circuit layout and semiconductor device with automatically placed transistors

Abstract: A method of automatically placing transistors of a folded transistor circuit for synthesizing rows of transistors in a semiconductor layout (172). First, an initial placement of transistors is generated (802). Next, a candidate move of transistors is selected (804). Then the change in cost of the placement resulting from applying the candidate move is evaluated (806). A decision is made to accept the candidate move based on the evaluation of its cost (808). If accepted, the move is performed (810) and the cost of the placement is updated (812). Finally, a decision to terminate the process is made (814).

Intuitive gesture-based graphical user interface

Abstract: A user performs a manual selection or a gesture selection of a screen object (210, 220, 230) on a screen (150) of an electronic device (100) using a pointing device (190). After a manual selection, such as a single tap, the electronic device (100) automatically presents a temporary directional palette (450) having palette buttons (451, 452, 453, 454, 455) that explicitly state functions of the electronic device (100). Each palette button has a unique compass direction relative to the original tap area. By making a second tap on a desired palette button, a novice user learns available functions of the electronic device (100) and their corresponding directional gestures. Alternately, the user may perform a gesture selection of both a screen object and a function, such as making a double tap or drawing a line in the appropriate direction, before the directional palette appears on the screen (150).

Modified Desirability Functions for Multiple Response Optimization

Abstract: Desirability functions have been used extensively to simultaneously optimize several responses. Since the original formulation of these functions contains non-differentiable points, only search methods can be used to optimize the overall desirability response. Furthermore, all responses are treated as equally important. We present modified desirability functions that are everywhere differentiable so that more efficient gradient-based optimization methods can be used instead. The proposed functions have the extra flexibility of allowing the analyst to assign different priorities among the responses. The methodology is applied to a wire bonding process that occurs in semiconductor manufacturing, an industrial process where multiple responses are common.

Interactive appliance remote controller, system and method

Abstract: In a personal area network, a method for programming an appliance by a controller. The method includes steps of a) determining (358), by the controller (300), that the appliance (324) is included in the personal area network; b) determining (328), by the controller (300), that the appliance (324) is in data communication with the controller (300); and c) when the appliance (324) is in data communication with the controller (300), performing substeps of: i) requesting downloading (330) of a command set for controlling the appliance (324); ii) receiving (332) the command set for controlling the appliance (324); and iii) programming (401) the command set into a memory of the controller.

Device, system and method of real-time multimedia streaming

Abstract: The present invention provides a device (200, 300), system (400, 500) and method for real-time streaming of a multimedia file stored in a remote server over a packet network to a multimedia client connected to the same network via a low-speed access link such as an analog telephone line. The invention operates to provide significantly improved QoS with respect to both quality and delay.

Passivation of organic devices

Abstract: A method of passivating organic devices (12) positioned on a supporting transparent plastic substrate (11) including the steps of overcoating the plastic substrate with a multi-layer overcoating (16), composed of alternating layers of a transparent polymer film (17) and a transparent dielectric material (18), forming an organic device (12) on the overcoated transparent plastic substrate (11) and sealing the organic device (12) formed on the overcoated plastic substrate (11). The polymer film layer (17) used in overcoating the plastic substrate acts as a means of improving the barrier properties of the multi-layer overcoating (16) and the dielectric material (18) acts as a physical barrier to atmospheric elements which can corrode the organic device (12) and are a detriment to the reliability of organic LEDs.

Methods and systems for providing a resource in an electronic network

Abstract: A method of providing a resource in an electronic network (20) which includes receiving a signal associated with machine-readable data (16) read from a network navigation device (10). The network navigation device (10) has a human-viewable image (14). The method further includes identifying the resource based upon the signal, and communicating content of the resource. The method can be performed by a node (24) of the electronic network (20).

Blind separation of convolved sources based on information maximization

Abstract: Blind separation of independent sources from their convolutive mixtures is a problem in many real world multi-sensor applications. In this paper we present a solution to this problem based on the information maximization principle, which was proposed by Bell and Sejnowski (1995) for the case of blind separation of instantaneous mixtures. We present a feedback network architecture capable of coping with convolutive mixtures, and we derive the adaptation equations for the adaptive filters in the network by maximizing the information transferred through the network. Examples using speech signals are presented to illustrate the algorithm.

Method and apparatus for location finding in a cdma system

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the location of a communication unit in a CDMA system includes in a first embodiment, sending a location request via a spread spectrum signal to the subscriber (140), and receiving in return a subscriber signal including a response message showing a receive time of a particular symbol of the base's spreading sequence and a transmit time of a particular symbol of the subscriber's spreading sequence. The base (130), along with other receiving base(s) (140), also receives a predetermined symbol of the subscriber spreading sequence, and each determines a respective receive time of the predetermined symbol. The received information is then processed, along with known base location and delay information, to determine the subscriber location. If insufficient number of bases are capable of communicating with the subscriber, for example due to high loading/interference, auxiliairy bases (121) are also provided for receiving from or transmitting to the subscriber.

Magnetically communicative card

Abstract: A magnetically communicative card (200) has a ferrite core (302) extending substantially the length of the card body (203) and has a conductor (408) wound around the ferrite core for the entire length of the ferrite core. Embedded within the card body is a controller (208) that controls a varying magnetic field emanating from the conductor to mimic a varying magnetic field produced by a conventional magnetic stripe card. Optionally, the card includes a sensor to sense a sensed signal picked up by the conductor from a varying magnetic field emanating from another device. The controller can read the sensed signal to receive communication from the other device. A magnetically communicative card (400, 500) is alternatively flexibly attached and detachably coupled to an electronic wallet (402, 502) to produce an apparatus (405, 501). A wireless communication interface (523) is alternatively carried by the magnetically communicative card and the electronic wallet to provide wireless reconfiguration of the magnetically communicative card remotely.

Interactive wireless gaming system

Abstract: An interactive wireless gaming system has a plurality of wireless gaming units which operate alternately as a host device. The wireless gaming units include a receiver for receiving wireless messages including gaming information which provides periodically update data signals generated by the gaming units to indicate a present position of a plurality of moveable objects moving. A display displays the gaming information in a form of graphic characterizations depicting the moveable objects. A processor generates the updated gaming information, and includes a memory for storing the data signals; a decoder for generating control signals in response to the gaming information received; a controller responsive to the control signals for effecting sequential storage of the data signals and a recall of a last of the data signals stored for display; and a network interface coupled between the controller and the game server. A transmitter transmits wireless responses to provide the updated gaming information.

Investigation of fundamental EMI source mechanisms driving common-mode radiation from printed circuit boards with attached cables

Abstract: Fundamental EMI source mechanisms leading to common-mode radiation from printed circuit boards with attached cables are presented in this paper. Two primary EMI source mechanisms have been identified: one associated with a differential-mode voltage and another associated with a differential-mode current, both of which result in a common-mode current on an attached cable. These mechanisms can he used to relate printed circuit layout geometries to EMI sources. The two mechanisms are demonstrated through numerical and experimental results, and an example from a production printed-circuit design is presented.

Message communications system

Abstract: A messaging system (10) is provided that comprises an RF transmission system (12). The RF transmission system (12) comprises an RF control system (14) which receives message traffic from a messaging gateway system (20). The messaging gateway system (20) receives messages in a variety of protocols from remote messaging system (30). The messaging gateway system (20) translates the messages received from remote messaging system (30) and constructs messages to be delivered to subscriber devices (28) through the RF transmission system (12). A subscriber device (28) can issue commands that are transmitted to the remote messaging system (30) or to remote system controller (32) controlling a remote-controlled system (34).

VBIC95, the vertical bipolar inter-company model

Abstract: This paper details the VBIC95 bipolar junction transistor (BJT) model. The model was developed as an industry standard replacement for the SPICE Gummel-Poon (SGP) model, to improve deficiencies of the SGP model that have become apparent over time because of the advances in BJT process technology. VBIC95 is still based on the Gummel-Poon formulation, and thus can degenerate to be similar to the familiar SGP model. However, it includes improved modeling of the Early effect, quasi-saturation, substrate and oxide parasitics, avalanche multiplication, and temperature behavior that can be invoked selectively based on model parameter values.

Inverted oleds on hard plastic substrate

Abstract: A hard plastic card display device including a hard plastic card having a major surface and a driver circuit. A display, including a plurality of inverted organic light emitting diodes, is formed on the major surface and coupled to the driver circuit.

Smart card with contactless optical interface

Abstract: An optical smart card (10) including a microchip (14) having information stored thereon, an optical holographic sensor pad (16) capable of detecting and collecting light beams emitted from a remote reader/transmitter (52), a light source (18) capable of emitting dataelectronic information contained on the microchip (14) back to the remote reader/transmitter (52) and electronics (20) connected to the sensor pad (16), the light source (18) and the microchip (14).

Passivation of electroluminescent organic devices

Abstract: A passivated organic device including a transparent layer of conductive material formed on a supporting substrate. An active organic media formed on the transparent layer and an electrode formed on the active organic media, the electrode including a thin layer of lithium formed on the active organic media and a layer of indium overlying and passivating the layer of lithium, and completing the electrode.

Method and apparatus for communication system access

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accessing a communication system relies on the use of varying access probabilities for subscribers or messages of varying priority. A serving infrastructure entity (110) determines access probabilities in response to known system parameters like the current rate of access attempts for each priority class of user/message. Values representative of these access probabilities are then transmitted to the subscriber unit(s) (105), for example by use of a system broadcast channel or control channels. These values are then used by the subscriber units in determining when to access an uplink channel. A temporal and/or proportional priority distribution approach is preferably used in determining the access values. As a result of this contention-based prioritization, an expedited access is achieved by higher priority units/traffic, thus increasing their throughput.

Dynamic maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic applications

Abstract: A dynamic process for reaching the maximum power point of a variable power source such as a solar cell is introduced. The process tracks maximum power nearly cycle-by-cycle during transients. Information from the natural switching ripple instead of external perturbation is used to support the maximizing process. The method is globally stable for DC-DC power converters, provided that a switching action is present. A prototype boost power converter that uses this method for control can follow power transients on time scales of a few milliseconds. This performance can be achieved with a simple analog control structure, which supports power processing with minimum loss.

Method for forming a dielectric tantalum nitride layer as an anti-reflective coating (ARC)

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-reflective Ta3 N5 coating which can be used in a dual damascene structure and for I line or G line lithographies. In addition, the Ta3 N5 coating may also be used as an etch stop and a barrier layer. A dual damascene structure is formed by depositing a first dielectric layer (16). A dielectric tantalum nitride layer (18) is deposited on top of the first dielectric layer. A second dielectric layer (20) is deposited on the tantalum nitride layer. A dual damascene opening (34) is etched into the dielectric layers by patterning a first opening portion (26) and a second opening portion (32) using photolithography operations. Dielectric tantalum nitride layer (18) serves as an ARC layer during these operations to reduce the amount of reflectance from conductive region (14) to reduce distortion of the photoresist pattern. The use of a dielectric tantalum nitride layer as an ARC is particularly suitable for I line and G line lithography.

Method and apparatus for communicating in a wireless communication system

Abstract: The disclosed system is capable of allocating plural subchannels based on user data priority. In one embodiment, after receiving a system parameter such as a current priority level from a base station (110), a subscriber (100) determines whether to send an access request for plural subchannels. Upon receipt of the access request(s), the system determines from the access request(s) whether to allocate the subchannel(s) to the subscriber. Further access requests are received periodically and scheduled, and when a higher priority message is received, completion of a lower priority message is deffered and the higher priority request allocated. Thus, an improved access procedure is provided accommodating multiple priority requests in an efficient manner. In a further embodiment, the system parameters include persistence/probability values for each service priority level, and each transmitting unit applies the appropriate value for the data priority to be sent in determining when to send an access request.

Hand-held radiotelephone having a detachable display

Abstract: A communication device (104) includes two housings (108, 110), each containing circuitry (114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 122, 123) for operating the communication device (104) in different modes (700, 702, 704, 706, 730, 732). The communication device (104) includes a latch (112) for detachably coupling the two housings (108, 110) and rotating one housing (110/108) with respect to the other (108/110). The communication device (104) switches between the different modes (700, 702, 704, 706, 730, 732) based on the attachment or detachment and the relative position of the housings (108, 110).

Semiconductor package and method thereof

Abstract: A semiconductor package substrate (10) has an array of package sites (13,14,16,21,22, and 23) that are substantially identical The entire array of package sites (13,14,16,21,22, and 23) is covered by an encapsulant (19) The individual package sites (13,14,16,21,22, and 23) are singulated by sawing through the encapsulant (19) and the underlying semiconductor package substrate (10)

Apparatus for reading an electronic network navigation device and a peripheral for use therewith

Abstract: An apparatus for navigating an electronic network (20) comprises a housing (240) which houses a data reader, a pointing device (236), and a transmitter. The data reader is to read at least one instruction for navigating to a resource in the electronic network (20). The pointing device (236) is to receive, upon navigating to the resource, a user-initiated action for navigating within the resource. The transmitter is to transmit a first signal associated with the at least one instruction and a second signal associated with the user-initiated action.

System, device, and method for streaming a multimedia file

Abstract: A system and device for, and method of, presenting multimedia information. In a client-server context, the invention includes a client that receives units of the multimedia information and presents the information on a presentation device. Each unit of information has an importance value assigned to it, which in an exemplary embodiment is indicative of the unit's importance in relation to the quality of the presentation. The invention includes a mechanism for characterizing the performance capabilities of the system. For example, several conventional statistics may be gathered and analyzed concurrently with the streaming operation and before it begins. The invention includes a mechanism for inferring network conditions from the characterized performance. The server may then stream the units of multimedia information to the client at a streaming rate and adapt the streaming rate of the streaming in response to the importance information and in response to the inferred network conditions.

Method for communicating data in a wireless communication system

Abstract: The disclosed system is capable of allocating plural subchannels based on user data priority. In one embodiment, a subscriber determines the throughput it would like and fragments a data packet in that number of service data units, and requests that number of subchannel allocations from a serving base station. Upon receipt of the access request(s), including any priority indicators, the system determines from the access request(s) whether to allocate the subchannel(s) to the subscriber. Further access requests are received periodically and scheduled, and when a higher priority message is received, completion of a lower priority message is deferred and the higher priority request allocated. Thus, an improved access procedure is provided accommodating varying throughput rates with a more robust transfer because of the packet fragmentation and multiple-subchannel transfer.

Food storage apparatus and methods and systems for monitoring a food item

Abstract: A food storage apparatus comprises a container (140) for containing a food item, and a cover (142) for covering an opening of the container (140). A first electrical component (144) is associated with the container (140). A second electrical component (146) is associated with the cover (142). The first electrical component (144) communicates with the second electrical component (146) to monitor the food item.

Portable electronic device with transceiver and visual image display

Abstract: A portable electronic device (10) including a virtual image display (20) positioned within a housing (11) or a remote unit (30), capable of providing an image of information contained on a smart card (18) as well as transactions processed in response to data transmitted by a two-way voice transceiver (24) between a host database (118) and the portable electronic device (10). A sensor (19) constructed to have the smart card (18) positioned adjacent thereto in data sensing juxtaposition and electronics (22) connected to the sensor (19) for processing data between the host database (118) and the portable electronic device (10), and for reading and writing data to the smart card (18). The two-way voice communications transceiver (24) for transmitting and receiving data between the portable electronic device (10) and the host database (118), and the virtual image display (20) for supplying image data.

Smart card with Iintegrated reader and visual image display

Abstract: A smart card (12) including a microchip (14) having information stored thereon, a virtual image display (16) and electronics (22) further connected to the virtual image display (16) for supplying image data thereto The virtual image display (16) including compact display optics (25) housed within the smart card (12), or having at least a portion thereof positioned in an accessory component (17), for viewing information stored on the smart card (12) at a viewing aperture (18)