Showing papers by "National Institutes of Health published in 1972"
TL;DR: A method for estimating the cholesterol content of the serum low-density lipoprotein fraction (Sf0-20) is presented and comparison of this suggested procedure with the more direct procedure, in which the ultracentrifuge is used, yielded correlation coefficients of .94 to .99.
Abstract: A method for estimating the cholesterol content of the serum low-density lipoprotein fraction (Sf0-20) is presented. The method involves measurements of fasting plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, none of which requires the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Comparison of this suggested procedure with the more direct procedure, in which the ultracentrifuge is used, yielded correlation coefficients of .94 to .99, depending on the patient population compared.
30,622 citations
TL;DR: During the first 24 h after injection of 125I-labeled very low density lipoprotein to humans, the decay rate of low densitylipoprotein apoprotein from very lowdensity lipoproteins was faster than that of apolipoprotein glutamic acid, apoipoprotein alanine1 and apolipropoteinAlanine2.
1,737 citations
TL;DR: Procedures are given, using sib pairs, for estimating linkage between a knownm-allele locus and a hypothesized two-alleel locus that governs a quantitative trait.
Abstract: Procedures are given, using sib pairs, for estimating linkage between a knownm-allele locus and a hypothesized two-allele locus that governs a quantitative trait. Random mating and linkage equilibrium are assumed. Also given are parametric and nonparametric methods for detecting linkage when the trait in question is governed by several two-allele loci, provided there is no epistasis.
1,354 citations
TL;DR: A 27-nm particle was observed by immune electron microscopy in an infectious stool filtrate derived from an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis, and this along with other evidence suggested that the particle was the etiological agent of Norwalk gastroEnteritis.
Abstract: A 27-nm particle was observed by immune electron microscopy in an infectious stool filtrate derived from an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Both experimentally and naturally infected individuals developed serological evidence of infection; this along with other evidence suggested that the particle was the etiological agent of Norwalk gastroenteritis.
1,031 citations
TL;DR: A radioimmunoassay which selectively measures HCG in samples containing both human pituitary luteinizing hormone (HLH) and HCG, and the sensitivity of the assay is sufficient for distinguishing HCG from follicular and luteal phase HLH levels.
850 citations
TL;DR: Only the impairment produced by the TPA lesion was consistent with a difficulty in the formation of such associations, an interpretation which is strengthened by a consideration of the gross behavioral abnormalities that have been described repeatedly following this same lesion.
844 citations
662 citations
TL;DR: The equilibrium composition of a multicomponent crossreactive ligand-binding system is characterized by solving the mass action equations and several results in simulation and parameter fitting for radioimmunoassay, ion-protein reactions, etc., are derived from these equations.
607 citations
554 citations
TL;DR: A new soluble mediator was found in supernatant fluid from cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes that were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, or by antigenic material present in human dental plaque deposits.
Abstract: A new soluble mediator was found in supernatant fluid from cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes that were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, or by antigenic material present in human dental plaque deposits. This soluble Jactor produced bone resorption in organ cultures of fetal rat bones as measured by increased release of calcium-45, and also increased the number of active osteoclasts.
538 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of 303 cases of angina in a general population sample of 5,127 persons was ascertained and revealed that the lot of the angina victim is not a happy one.
Abstract: The evolution of 303 cases of angina in a general population sample of 5,127 persons was ascertained and revealed that the lot of the angina victim is not a happy one. Prognosis as to survival and progression to more serious coronary manifestations was discouraging in men. One in 4 men with angina can expect to have a coronary attack within 5 years. The risk is half this for women. About 30 percent of those over 55 will die within 8 years, and 44 percent of the coronary deaths will be sudden. Mortality was close to that which follows the posthospital phase of myocardial infarction. Surprisingly, survival in men with uncomplicated angina was no better than that for angina which follows an infarction. Angina was more likely to be the presenting complaint of coronary disease in women (65 percent) than in men (37 percent). In men 45 percent of angina arose out of myocardial infarction compared to 15 percent in women. Half of those sustaining initial myocardial infarctions had angina following it, 31 percent experiencing it for the first time. In those with angina who sustained an infarction, the angina disappeared in only 15 percent of men and no women, a rate lower than the 30 percent spontaneous rate of disappearance. Only 23 percent of infarctions were preceded by angina. Almost 1 in 4 myocardial infarctions were silent or went unrecognized. Such infarctions were rare in persons with prior angina.
TL;DR: The sensitivity of the method permits measurements of all three renin parameters in small plasma samples, allowing sequential determinations to be performed in individual animals, and determination of the pH optimum for renin activity and of the correlations between PRA and PRC were identical with those obtained by bioassay.
Abstract: The measurement of renin activity, concentration, and substrate in rat plasma has been performed by radioimmunoassay of the angiotensin I generated during incubation of plasma in vitro. The sensitivity of the method permits measurements of all three renin parameters in small plasma samples, allowing sequential determinations to be performed in individual animals. The specificity of the method has been demonstrated by the complete absence of renin in plasma from nephrectomized male rats, by the identical assay slopes of generated angiotensin and angiotensin I standards, and by the parallel changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and renin concentration (PRC) measured by bioassay and immunoassay after furosemide administration and water deprivation. Also, radioimmunoassay determination of the pH optimum for renin activity, and of the correlations between PRA and PRC, were identical with those obtained by bioassay. The absolute values for renin substrate were similar to those measured by bioassay. However, th...
TL;DR: Observations of small molecular weight apolipoproteins readily transfer in vitro from very low density lipoprotein to other lipoproteins, and this specificity may not be involved in the simple recombination ofApolipoprotein-glutamic acid and apoLP-Ala may explain the distribution of apoprotein among plasma lipopriteins and provide insight into their metabolic fate.
TL;DR: Some of the neurons dissociated from embryonic chick spinal cord and maintained in low density cell cultures establish functional contacts with muscle fibers that had formed in vitro from previously plated myoblasts.
TL;DR: The stoichiometry of the reaction catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin has been determined and it is suggested that catalase or Fe2+ protects a sensitive component of the tryptophilehydroxylation system from inactivation by H2O2.
TL;DR: A method is described for the enzymatic radioiodination of HCG, human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH) and human luteinizing hormone (HLH) by a system consisting of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and Na 125I, which is a gentle, simple and rapid method.
Abstract: A method is described for the enzymatic radioiodination of HCG, human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH) and human luteinizing hormone (HLH) by a system consisting of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and Na 125I. The hormones differed in their susceptibility to iodination. HCG was easily iodinated but HFSH and HLH required slightly higher concentrations of the enzyme and hydrogen peroxide. These hormones were labeled at specific activities satisfactory for radioimmunoassay. Biologic activities of these preparations were retained (HCG 108%, HFSH >62% and HLH 99%). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of these tracers was consistent with their radiopurity. This lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination is a gentle, simple and rapid method, and the radioiodinated preparations are suitable for radioimmunoassay.
TL;DR: Artificial capillaries perfused with culture medium provide a matrix in which cells can attain tissue-like densities in vitro and products secreted into the medium can be measured as indicators of cell function or recovered for other purposes without disturbing the culture.
Abstract: Artificial capillaries perfused with culture medium provide a matrix in which cells can attain tissue-like densities in vitro. Products secreted into the medium can be measured as indicators of cell function or may be recovered for other purposes without disturbing the culture.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the packaging of lysosomal enzymes requires their secretion followed by specific recognition and uptake, and the I-cell mutation would interfere with this process by altering the recognition site on the hydrolases.
TL;DR: The integration, frequency of phage λ into a mutant host deleted for the normal prophage insertion site is reduced about 200-fold relative to integration into wild-type Escherichia coli.
TL;DR: Interaction of insulin with liver plasma membranes is a complex phenomenon that involves at least two processes, degradation and binding to receptors, and these two processes are largely independent and unrelated under a variety of conditions.
TL;DR: Methods are presented for preparation of extracts from cultured cells from the nervous system and for study of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, glutamate decarboxylase, and catechol O-methyltransferase activities, which are markers that can be used for studying gene expression in neurons.
TL;DR: A general formalism for predicting the relationship between the binding affinities in several kinds of antigen-antibody interactions is presented and the theory to consider the binding of multivalent antibodies to a multideterminant antigen particle is developed.
TL;DR: Observations support the concept that latent infection of sensory ganglia may be the source of virus in recurrent herpetic disease in man.
Abstract: Herpesvirus hominis was isolated from the trigeminal ganglion obtained at autopsy from 1 of 22 patients with no clinical evidence of active herpetic disease, and from one patient with malignant lymphoma who died with herpes zoster on the abdomen, pulmonary cytomegalic inclusion disease, and possible oral herpes simplex. Virus was isolated by cocultivation of explants of ganglion with monolayers of Vero green monkey kidney cells and required 3 weeks of culture before viral cytopathic effects were evident. These observations support the concept that latent infection of sensory ganglia may be the source of virus in recurrent herpetic disease in man.
TL;DR: Light acting by way of the eye causes the dark-induced activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase in the pineal gland of the rat to decrease with a halving time of about 3 minutes, which appears to explain the rapid increase in the concentration of pineal serotonin that is caused by light exposure at night.
Abstract: Light acting by way of the eye causes the dark-induced activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase in the pineal gland of the rat to decrease with a halving time of about 3 minutes. This effect, which is one of the more rapid physiological changes known to occur in the activity of any enzyme that metabolizes biogenic amines, appears to explain the rapid increase in the concentration of pineal serotonin that is caused by light exposure at night.
TL;DR: The rate of collagen synthesis relative to the rate of synthesis of noncollagen proteins expressed as radioactivity incorporated per milligram of cellular protein was determined in several lines of cultured fibroblasts using an assay which measures [14C]proline incorporation into the polypeptide chains of collagen.
TL;DR: The objective of the study was to measure systematically the orientation, morphology, and population density of endothelial nuclei of the canine thoracic aorta and its major branches and to obtain evidence in a chronic in vivo preparation that altered flow patterns do indeed change patterns of nuclear orientation.
Abstract: The objective of the study was (1) to measure systematically the orientation, morphology, and population density of endothelial nuclei of the canine thoracic aorta and its major branches and (2) to obtain evidence in a chronic in vivo preparation that altered flow patterns do indeed change patterns of nuclear orientation. For this purpose, a segment of the descending thoracic aorta was removed, opened longitudinally, and reclosed to form a tube with a new longitudinal axis 90° from the original vessel axis. The new segment was then sutured back in place. The animals were killed at suitable postoperative periods. Endothelial nuclear patterns were studied from en face photomicrographs of preparations stained with Evans blue dye. Results indicated: (1) In uniform vessel segments, e.g., middle and lower descending thoracic aorta, the nuclei were oriented parallel to the axis of the blood vessel, and the ratio of major to minor axes of the nucleus was large. The flow in these regions is known to be stable. (2)...
TL;DR: Significantly increased risks of development of second malignant tumors were found in the entire 425 patients and in the subgroups treated with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy and with intensive radiotherapy without intensive chemotherapy.
Abstract: Case records of 425 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated at the NIH were reviewed. Note of all biopsy-proved malignant tumors other than Hodgkin's disease was made. Cases were divided into subgroups on the basis of treatment received, and expected incidences of malignant tumors were calculated for each subgroup on the basis of age, sex, and mean follow-up period from the time of diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Significantly increased risks of development of second malignant tumors were found in the entire 425 patients (ratio of observed to expected, 3.5) and in the subgroups treated with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy (ratio, 3.3) and with intensive radiotherapy without intensive chemotherapy (ratio, 3.8). The greatest increase in risk was observed in 35 patients who received both intensive radiotherapy and intensive chemotherapy (ratio, 29).