Saint Mary's University

About: Saint Mary's University is a education organization based out in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stars. The organization has 1931 authors who have published 4993 publications receiving 143226 citations.

Practical steps toward integrating economic, social and institutional elements in fisheries policy and management

Abstract: While international agreements and legislation call for incorporation of four pillars of sustainability, the social (including cultural), economic and institutional aspects (the ‘human dimension’) have been relatively neglected to date. Three key impediments have been identified: a relative lack of explicit social, economic and institutional objectives; a general lack of process (frameworks, governance) for routine integration of all four pillars of sustainability; and a bias towards biological considerations. Practical integration requires a ‘systems’ approach with explicit consideration of strategic and operational aspects of management; multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary evaluations; practical objectives for the four pillars of sustainability; appropriate participation; and a governance system that is able to integrate these diverse considerations in management. We challenge all involved in fisheries to immediately take five practical steps toward integrating ecological, economic, social and institutional aspects: (1) Adopt the perspective of the fishery as a ‘system’ with interacting natural, human and management elements; (2) Be aware of both strategic and operational aspects of fisheries assessment and management; (3) Articulate overarching objectives that incorporate all four pillars of sustainability; (4) Encourage appropriate (and diverse) disciplinary participation in all aspects of research, evaluation and management; and (5) Encourage development of (or emulate) participatory governance.

Line-array beamforming using linear prediction for aperture interpolation and extrapolation

Abstract: It is demonstrated that linear prediction can be successfully utilized in conjunction with otherwise conventional narrow-band line-array beamforming for aperture extrapolation (APEX), where there are significant SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) and resolution advantages compared to the conventional approach, aperture interpolation, where faulty sensor data are replaced, and a combined technique (ALPINEX). The performance of all three methods is investigated in connection with both simulated and real data. The APEX technique is shown to be amenable to a simple theoretical treatment. Further, the approach is demonstrated to offer a practical performance comparable to the well-known high-resolution technique, MUSIC, when the observation time is short. >

The Miocene igneous rocks in the Basal Unit of Lavrion (SE Attica, Greece): petrology and geodynamic implications

Abstract: The Miocene igneous rocks in the Basal Unit of the Lavrion area form part of the granitoid province of the central Aegean. Undeformed, subvertical dykes of quartz-syenite to granodiorite and granite porphyries, and a little deformed but variably altered granodiorite stock intrude metamorphic rocks of the Basal Unit. A 9.4 ± 0.3 Ma K–Ar age on feldspar for a dyke rock provides a minimum age for the igneous activity in the Basal Unit. East–west orientation of porphyry dykes is indicative of a regional extensional stress field with roughly north–south direction. Substantial extension in the Basal Unit after granodiorite emplacement is evident from widespread quartz veining associated with hydrothermal alteration of the granodiorite and the occurrence of mineralized tension gashes cutting the hydrothermally altered hornfelses. Final emplacement of the Blueschist Unit over the Basal Unit by extensional detachment post-dates contact metamorphism of the rocks surrounding the granodiorite. Geochemical diagrams show a continuous range of compositions from the dykes to the granodiorite. Radiogenic isotope compositions are compatible with a common magmatic source for the two lithologies. Elemental variations, as well as the considerable geochemical similarity of the dyke rocks to the Hercynian paragneiss of the central Cyclades, indicate that crustal melts were significant components during the evolution of the igneous rocks with fractional crystallization as an important process during later stages of evolution. The granodiorite displays geochemical signatures indicative of a significant mafic mantle-derived magma component.

Food insecurity of low-income lone mothers and their children in Atlantic Canada.

Abstract: Objective: To examine the occurrence and predictors of hunger and food insecurity over the past year and month among low-income mother-led households in Atlantic Canada. Method: The Cornell-Radimer Questionnaire to Estimate the Prevalence of Hunger and Food Insecurity was administered weekly for a month, with modifications, to a community sample of 141 lone mothers who took part in a larger dietary intake study. Eligible women included those living alone with at least two children under the age of 14 years in the four Atlantic Provinces and having an annual income less than or equal to Statistics Canada’s low-income cut-off.