Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 1996"
TL;DR: A confirmatory, empirical test of the revised Technology Acceptance Model TAM confirmed that the TAM is a valuable tool for predicting intentions to use an IS and introduced and objective measure of technology acceptance, actual usage rather than self-report usage, which supports that self- report usage may not be an appropriate surrogate measure for actual usage.
Abstract: Davis et al. Davis, F. D., R. P. Bagozzi, P. R. Warshaw. 1989. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Sci.358 982-1003. proposed, tested, and revised the Technology Acceptance Model TAM, which attempts to explain and predict why users sometimes accept and sometimes reject information systems IS. The research reported here 1 provides a confirmatory, empirical test of the revised TAM and 2 introduces and objective measure of technology acceptance, actual usage rather than self-report usage. Subjects' beliefs about the usefulness and ease of use of an electronic mail system, their intentions to use the system, and their usage of it 15 weeks later were measured in a longitudinal study. The results confirmed that the TAM is a valuable tool for predicting intentions to use an IS. The findings here combined with results from other studies in this area suggest that the original TAM may be more appropriate than the two-version revised TAM. However, the addition of an experience component to the original TAM may be a significant enhancement. In addition, the results support that self-report usage may not be an appropriate surrogate measure for actual usage.
1,664 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the ability of the pecking-order model, the agency model, and the timing model to explain firms' decisions whether to issue debt or equity, the shock price reaction to their decisions and their actions afterward.
1,054 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used futures transaction data to investigate cross-sectional relationships between market-maker inventory positions and trade activity and found that correlations between inventory and reservation prices are positive.
Abstract: We use futures transaction data to investigate cross-sectional relationships between market-maker inventory positions and trade activity. The investigation documents strongly that traders control inventory throughout the trading day. Despite this evidence of inventory management, typical inventory control models are contradicted by our data. These inventory models predict that market-maker reservation prices are negatively influenced by inventory. Surprisingly, our evidence shows, as a strong and consistent empirical regularity, that correlations between inventory and reservation prices are positive. We interpret the evidence as consistent with active position taking by futures market floor traders. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
242 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a classification framework for network forms based on volatility of environmental change and the type of interorganizational relationship involved (collaborative or transactional) to identify the environmental and organizational contingencies most likely to be associated with the emergence and adoption of a particular type of network arrangement.
Abstract: Turbulence and rapid change in the business environment have been associated for some time with the development of new network organizational forms which put various types of strategic alliance and other inter-organizational collaborations into effect. This paper traces the rationale for the formation of such networks and the associated vertical disaggregation of functions and implications for internal organizational design. This leads to the proposal of a classification framework for network forms. Using the dimensions of volatility of environmental change on the one hand, and the type of inter-organizational relationship involved (collaborative or transactional) on the other hand, network forms are classified as: hollow networks, flexible networks, value-added networks and virtual networks. In each case it is possible to identify the environmental and organizational contingencies most likely to be associated with the emergence and adoption of a particular type of network arrangement. This argument leads to the identification of a new research agenda which has the goals of developing more robust conceptualizations of network characteristics; better understanding the contingencies surrounding the emergence of network forms and their relative efficiencies and specifying some of the major implications of network formation for internal organizational design. In parallel the paper identifies a number of managerial implications for setting strategic priorities and developing appropriate management systems in these new organizational contexts.
239 citations
TL;DR: A conceptual model is developed and empirically tested, examining the relationships among the sales management control system, sales territory design, salesforce behavior and outcome performance, and sales organization effectiveness constructs.
239 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between consensus on means and ends of cooperative arrangements among franchisees, or other entrepreneurs, and they have not tested linkages between consensus and competitive advantage.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a model in which continent-continent collision and closure of the Adamastor ocean between the Amazon-West African-Rio de La Plata cratons and the Sao Francisco-Congo-Kalahari-Queen Maud Land block and East Gondwana in the late Neoproterozoic are linked to rifting and orthogonal spreading between Laurentia and the South American craton.
Abstract: The convergence recorded in some Pan-African deformational belts (sensu lato) in South America, Africa, Madagascar, southern India, Sri Lanka, and Antarctica is temporally correlated with opening of the Iapetus ocean. We propose a model in which continent-continent collision and closure of the Adamastor ocean between the Amazon–West African–Rio de La Plata cratons and the Sao Francisco–Congo–Kalahari cratons in the late Neoproterozoic are linked to rifting and orthogonal spreading between Laurentia and the South American cratons. By the Early Cambrian, the cratons in South America and Africa were assembled as West Gondwana. Closure of the Mozambique ocean, which appears to have extended across Antarctica between Lutzow-Holm Bay and the Shackleton Range, resulted in continued convergence between the Congo–Kalahari–Queen Maud Land block and East Gondwana in the Cambrian. Coeval deformation in the Transantarctic Mountains may be related to the obliquity of the Antarctic margin relative to Iapetus spreading directions. Initiation of voluminous arc magmatism along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana in the Early Cambrian is broadly synchronous with the cessation of intra-Gondwana Pan-African deformation, possibly reflecting a change in plate motions at the time of final Gondwana assembly. The new subduction regime along the Gondwana margin in the Early Cambrian may be linked to the closure of the Iapetus ocean basin.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between past performance and interpersonal affect in field settings and concluded that affect may not be a biasing influence on ratings, but may be a result of better subordinate performance.
Abstract: Interpersonal affect has been found, in prior laboratory research, to be related to ratings of job performance. Such findings have been taken to mean that affect creates bias in ratings. The present study was conducted to determine if this relationship would hold up in a field setting. The present study was also designed to examine how structured diary-keeping, and the nature of the appraisal instrument, might be related to affect-appraisal relationships. The results for 85 raters, and 404 ratees, suggested that affect was significantly related to all ratings, but more strongly related to trait-like ratings than task/outcome-like ratings, and that having raters keep performance diaries actually increased the strength of the relationship between affect and ratings. We concluded that affect may not be a biasing influence on ratings, but may be a result of better subordinate performance. Results from an analysis of the diary content supported this conclusion. Implications for the role of affect on ratings and the nature of the relationship between past performance and interpersonal affect in field settings are discussed.
134 citations
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that as many as 80 percent of citizens support the death penalty for offenders convicted of murder, while only 5 percent opposed it. But these surveys, however, typically pose abstract questions about gen...
Abstract: Recent survey data indicate that as many as 80 percent of citizens support the death penalty for offenders convicted of homicide. These surveys, however, typically pose abstract questions about gen...
113 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed how decisions related to real-estate assets aff ect ect ect with real estate assets and found that this paper accounts for 25 to 40 percent of the total assets of major U.S. corporations.
Abstract: Real estate accounts for 25 to 40 percent of the total assets of major U.S. corporations. Given the large investment, it is important to understand how decisions related to real estate assets affec...
102 citations
TL;DR: This article examined changes in wealth for firms that securitize assets and found that strong banks experience wealth gain while weak banks experienced wealth loss upon the announcement of assetsecuritization.
Abstract: This paper examines changes in wealth for firms that securitize assets. Findings are industry specific with wealth increase for finance companies, with no wealth change for industrial companies and automobile companies, and with wealth loss for banks. Further examination, however, reveals that excess returns for banks are significantly related to financial slack in the quarter preceding the securitization announcement. Findings indicate that strong banks experience wealth gain while weak banks experience wealth loss upon the announcement of asset securitization.
TL;DR: R Rearrest rate during a 2-year follow-up study period was 36%, and survival analysis showed it was directly related to poorer during-treatment ratings by probationers of self-esteem, counselor competence, and peer support from others in the treatment program, suggesting the role of therapeutic engagement in the recovery process.
TL;DR: The primary purpose of the study was to examine circulating neutrophils and monocytes and their plasma membrane expression of CD64, CD11b, and CD18 after two bouts of eccentric exercise.
Abstract: The primary purpose of the study was to examine circulating neutrophils and monocytes and their plasma membrane expression of CD64, CD11b, and CD18 after two bouts (B1 and B2) of eccentric exercise...
TL;DR: Significant reductions in both injection and sex-related risks occurred from intake to months 3 and 6 of treatment; HIV risks were also reduced among the subsample of clients who continued to inject drugs during treatment.
TL;DR: To assess the importance of diet and light for indoor maintenance, hatchling panther chameleons were reared for 1 year on crickets fed diets that differed in vitamin concentrations and in different light environments, and low vitamin A drastically reduced reproduction in both sexes.
Abstract: To assess the importance of diet and light for indoor maintenance, hatchling panther chameleons were reared for 1 year on crickets fed diets that differed in vitamin concentrations and in different light environments. Dietary transfer of vitamins from the cricket diet to the lizards via the crickets was quantified, as was UV irradiance. There was a statistically significant dietary enhancement of growth by both vitamins on males. UV-A irradiation significantly suppressed growth of females. Low vitamin A shortened life span and resulted in a number of gross and histological pathologies. Hepatocellular lipidosis, indicating a possible toxicosis, occurred with all diets and light treatments. Higher vitamin A resulted in mild soft-tissue mineralization, and high vitamin D shortened the life span of females. Low vitamin A drastically reduced reproduction in both sexes. The intermediate levels of dietary vitamins resulted in the best production of viable eggs by females. However, without high UV-B irradiation, all viable eggs died at term and contained different vitamin levels than hatching eggs from wild-caught females. Baseline levels of egg calcium are given for hatching eggs from wild-caught females. Modifications in current husbandry procedures are recommended. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TL;DR: Support for treatment emphasis on helping clients reduce conflict among family members, improve dysfunctional relationships with peers, and replace deviant friendships with others that encourage treatment participation and conformance to social norms is provided.
TL;DR: It appears that one important role of cholesterol is to make the membrane insensitive to changes in external environment, such as high hydrostatic pressure.
TL;DR: The experiment suggests that filter-feeding omnivorous fish interact synergistically with trophic state so that the limnological effects of omnivory fish become more intense with increased eutrophication.
Abstract: Ecologists have hypothesized that planktivorous fish have greater effects on the plankton and water quality of oligotrophic lakes than eutrophic lakes We tested this hypothesis in a tank-mesocosm experiment of factorial design in which five biomass levels of filter-feeding omnivorous gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were cross-classified with two levels of lake trophic state achieved by filling tank-mesocosms with water and plankton transported by truck from two lakes with different trophic states The presence of gizzard shad significantly increased total phosphorus, primary productivity, chlorophyll, and particulate phosphorus (PP) 2–20 and 20–200 µm and significantly decreased Secchi depth, cladocerans, copepods and PP > 200 µm The effects of gizzard shad on chlorophyll, Secchi depth, cladocerans, copepods and PP 2–20 and > 200 µm were dependent on lake trophic state and most intense in the eutrophic lake system This experiment suggests that filter-feeding omnivorous fish interact synergistically with trophic state so that the limnological effects of omnivorous fish become more intense with increased eutrophication
TL;DR: In this paper, an exploratory study of internal customers employed marketing research methods that, traditionally, have been applied to final consumers, and found six types of service requirements of purchasing's internal customers.
Abstract: An important tenet of Total Quality Management holds that each employee should treat other organization members with whom she interacts as valued customers. To know if such internal service efforts are successful, managers need a means by which internal service quality can be measured. This exploratory study of internal customers employs marketing research methods that, traditionally, have been applied to final consumers. The setting is the corporate purchasing department of Alcon Laboratories, Inc., a large pharmaceutical manufacturing firm. The ninety-seven participants were all internal customers of the corporate purchasing department. Their jobs ranged from RD and 2) Do they think they are getting it? In answer to the first question, we found six types of service requirements of purchasing’s internal customers. To answer t...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the determinants of industrial properly value and found that the value of industrial buildings during 1987-1991 in the Dallas/Fort Worth area is primarily related to local market effects and to physical characteristics and location of the property.
Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of industrial properly value. We use the factor-analytic linear structural relations (LISREL) model to confront measurement problems associated with related work. A simultaneous test of the effects on property value of factors summarizing physical property, national market, local market, interest rate and location variables is performed. Findings indicate that the value of industrial buildings during 1987–1991 in the Dallas/Fort Worth area is primarily related to local market effects and to physical characteristics and location of the property.
TL;DR: With its light color and bland flavor, cottonseed has many uses in the food processing arena, and baked goods, snack foods and candy, as well as pet and livestock feed are just a few successful products developed utilizing cottonseed protein.
Abstract: Cottonseed protein has the potential to increase the world's food supply while decreasing the incidence of malnutrition among the world's hungry. Nutritionally, cottonseed flour compares favorably to other animal and vegetable protein sources, as it is low in fat and contains a substantial amount of high biological value protein. Animal studies, as well as human research, using gossypol-free glandless cottonseed flour have shown that cottonseed protein promotes growth, increased weight gain, and a positive nitrogen balance. Cottonseed protein food products have been shown to be a healthy addition to the diets of children, college-age women, and the elderly. With its light color and bland flavor, cottonseed has many uses in the food processing arena. Baked goods, snack foods and candy, as well as pet and livestock feed are just a few successful products developed utilizing cottonseed protein.
TL;DR: In 3 experiments, observers witnessed a target moving along a circular orbit and indicated the location at which the target vanished, and displacement patterns were consistent with hypotheses that analogues of momentum and centripetal force were incorporated into the representational system.
Abstract: In 3 experiments, observers witnessed a target moving along a circular orbit and indicated the location at which the target vanished. The judged vanishing point was displaced forward in the direction of implied momentum and inward in the direction of implied centripetal force. In general, increases in either the angular velocity of the target or the radius length of the orbit increased the magnitude of forward displacement. If both angular velocity and radius length were varied, then increases in either angular velocity or radius length also increased the magnitude of inward displacement. The displacement patterns were consistent with hypotheses that analogues of momentum and centripetal force were incorporated into the representational system. A framework is proposed that accounts for (a) the forward and inward displacements and (b) naive-physics data on the spiral tube problem previously interpreted as suggesting a belief in a naive curvilinear-impetus principle.
TL;DR: The data suggest that amphetamine may facilitate recovery when the requirements of the task produce a deficit in the initiation of locomotion but not when the animal is required to use somatosensory and proprioceptive cues to guide performance on the task.
Abstract: The effects of amphetamine on the recovery of function following unilateral lesions of the rat somatic sensorimotor cortex (SMC) were examined. Rats with large SMC were tested on two measures of locomotor placing: the beam-walking test and the foot-fault test. Amphetamine produced an immediate and enduring facilitation of recovery on the beam-walking test. In contrast, the drug had no effect on the rats' ability to accurately place the forelimbs on the rungs of the elevated grid during locomotion on the foot-fault test. These data suggest that amphetamine may facilitate recovery when the requirements of the task produce a deficit in the initiation of locomotion but not when the animal is required to use somatosensory and proprioceptive cues to guide performance on the task. A second group of rats with smaller SMC lesions was evaluated with tactile-placing tests and the bilateral-tactile stimulation task. The forelimb placing reaction is elicited by unilateral tactile stimulation of the vibrissae or forelimb, whereas the ipsilateral asymmetry observed on the bilateral-tactile stimulation test has been interpreted as an impairment in processing stimuli presented on both sides of the body. On two measures of forelimb placing amphetamine produced a facilitation of recovery, but restoration of function was not observed during the period of drug intoxication. In contrast, amphetamine had no effect on recovery of function on the bilateral-tactile stimulation test. Taken together, these data suggest that the behavioral requirements of the task are an important factor in determining the facilitatory effects of amphetamine on recovery of function.
TL;DR: The authors evaluated the utility of a specific set of ratings-based audience theories developed over the past 25 years, and critiques their future relevance in an increasingly dynamic, complex media environment and presented an integrated model of audience duplication as a way to assess the ability of current structural theories to explain audience behavior in the future.
Abstract: Audience duplication is recognized as a major component of program choice models and a fundamental aspect in understanding television viewing patterns This study evaluates the utility of a specific set of ratings‐based audience theories developed over the past 25 years, and critiques their future relevance in an increasingly dynamic, complex media environment An integrated model of audience duplication is presented as a way to assess the ability of current structural theories to explain audience behavior in the future Recommendations are given for the direction of this research
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of infrared spectra provides information on interactions between steroids and porous sol−gel glass, and it is shown that permeability is favored for steroids having fewer hydroxy acids.
Abstract: Samples of porous glass loaded with steroids, progesterone, estradiol, estrone, and hydrocortisone are manufactured using two different techniques. Steroids are introduced into the solution during the mixing stage of the sol−gel processing or when sol−gel samples stabilized by firing at 750 °C are impregnated with liquid solutions of steroids. The latter method is more advantageous, since more steroids can be introduced into the pores, and one may avoid reactions that can permanently bond steroids to the sol−gel matrix. The excess adsorption of steroids by porous sol−gel glass is explained in terms of specific interactions between the host and adsorbed materials. Analysis of infrared spectra provides information on interactions between steroids and porous sol−gel glass. Diffusion coefficients of progesterone, estradiol, estrone, and hydrocortisone are measured in pure ethanol, an ethanol−water mixture, and a physiological solution. It is shown that permeability is favored for steroids having fewer hydroxy...
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical model of the adsorption of ions at the electrode interface is presented, which is equivalent to a two-dimensional lattice gas and is applied to the case of the underpotential deposition of copper onto gold.
TL;DR: The relationship between psychological problems and human immunodeficiency virus HIV/AIDS risk-taking behaviors was examined among 834 daily opioid users entering methadone treatment programs and a composite measure of psychological dysfunction was found to be significantly related to needle risk.
Abstract: The relationship between psychological problems and human immunodeficiency virus HIV/AIDS risk-taking behaviors was examined among 834 daily opioid users entering methadone treatment programs. A composite measure of psychological dysfunction was created using depression, anxiety, and hostility scales. This measure was found to be significantly related to needle risk in terms of injecting with used equipment, sharing of drug paraphernalia, and sharing with strangers. Psychological dysfunction was also related to sexual risk taking in terms of number of partners, unprotected sex with other injection drug users, and trading sex. Use of cocaine was significantly related to all measures of injection and sex-related risk taking; use of speedball (heroin and cocaine) was significantly related to use of dirty equipment and sharing of paraphernalia. The implications of study findings for AIDS prevention programming are discussed.
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08 Feb 1996TL;DR: Gouwens as mentioned in this paper explored this philosopher's religious and theological thought, focusing on human nature, Christ, and Christian discipleship, and argued that between foundationalism and irrationalism, Kierkegaard's ideas are seen to anticipate the end of'modernity', while standing at the centre of the Christian tradition.
Abstract: Using Kierkegaard's later religious writings as well as his earlier philosophical works, David Gouwens explores this philosopher's religious and theological thought, focusing on human nature, Christ, and Christian discipleship. He helps the reader approach Kierkegaard as someone who both analysed religion and sought to evoke religious dispositions in his readers. Gouwens discusses Kierkegaard's main concerns as a religious and, specifically, Christian thinker, and his treatment of religion using the dialectic of 'becoming Christian', and counters the interpretation of his religious thought as privatistic and asocial. Gouwens appraises both the edifying discourses and the pseudonymous writings, including the particular problems posed by the latter. Between foundationalism and irrationalism, Kierkegaard's ideas are seen to anticipate the end of 'modernity', while standing at the centre of the Christian tradition.
TL;DR: The results of a study of 146 field sales managers in 58 Australian sales organizations indicate that sales forces with high behavior and outcome performance experience a greater extent of sales manager monitoring, directing, evaluating, and rewarding than those with lower performance as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: A Delphi technique was employed for panelists to consider the theoretical assumptions, techniques, how change occurs, major goals, when to use, and contraindications of a reflecting team approach.
Abstract: Due to different conceptualizations and unclear theoretical guidelines, a reflecting team approach to family therapy has lacked conceptual and practical clarity. The purpose of this exploratory study was to outline the theory and practice of a reflecting team approach to family therapy. A Delphi technique was employed for panelists to consider the theoretical assumptions, techniques, how change occurs, major goals, when to use, and contraindications of a reflecting team approach. Analysis of data revealed where consensus was reached and a profile was formed to aid in further clarifying this approach.