Showing papers by "Tohoku University published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this paper, a supersymmetric grand unified theory based on the standard SU (5) is constructed, which requires the naturalness as defined by Veltman (radiative corrections should not disturb the gauge hierarchy in the Born term), supersymmetry must be unbroken above TeV energies.
Abstract: Requiring the naturalness as defined by Veltman (radiative corrections should not disturb the gauge hierarchy in the Born term), supersymmetric grand unified theory based on the standard SU (5) is constructed. Supersymmetry must be unbroken above TeV energies. Renormalization-group analysis gives sin2θ W (M W ) and α c in agreement with experimental values. The unification massMGUT is larger than the standard model and hence proton lives longer.
635 citations
TL;DR: The inhibitory effect of long‐chain fatty acids on the anaerobic digestion process was examined in batch experiments using synthetic substrates and neutral fat in the whole milk was easily hydrolyzed to long‐ chain fatty acids, which brought about the inhibition.
Abstract: The inhibitory effect of long-chain fatty acids on the anaerobic digestion process was examined in batch experiments using synthetic substrates. The addition of long-chain fatty acids caused the appearance of the lag period in the methane production from acetate and in the degradation of both long-chain fatty acids and n-butyrate. Methane production from hydrogen proceeded without lag period although its rate was lowered. Fermentation of glucose was not inhibited. Neutral fat in the whole milk was easily hydrolyzed to long-chain fatty acids, which brought about the inhibtion. The addition of calcium chloride reduced the inhibitory effect of long-chain fatty acids, but it did not do so after the culture had been exposed to long-chain fatty acids for more than several hours. The addition of calcium carbonate could not reduce the inhibition because of its insolubility. 18 refs.
449 citations
TL;DR: The photoelectrochemistry at semiconductor electrodes has been used to design systems for heterogeneous photosynthesis1,7 and photocatalysis8,9,10 as mentioned in this paper, however, no attempt at the organic synthesis of highly valuable compounds from cheap raw material except for a very low yield of amino acids produced from methane-ammonia-water.
Abstract: The photoelectrochemistry at semiconductor electrodes has been used to design systems for heterogeneous photosynthesis1–7 and photocatalysis8–10. There has been, however, no attempt at the organic synthesis of highly valuable compounds from cheap raw material except for a very low yield of amino acids11 produced from methane–ammonia–water. If such products were to be formed in one step by heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions, this would be a highly efficient means for the economical utilization of solar energy in comparison with hydrogen production, even though the reactions are driven in a spontaneous (ΔG°<0) direction by the light energy.
424 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a nonradiative dielectric waveguide is proposed in which dielectic strips are sandwiched between two parallel metal plates separated by a distance smaller than half a wavelength.
Abstract: A nonradiative dielectric waveguide is proposed in which dielectic strips are sandwiched between two parallel metal plates separated by a distance smaller than half a wavelength. Though the structure is substantially the same as that of the H-guide, it is based on a quite different principle of operation. This dielectric guide is particularly applicable in millimeter-wave integrated circuits, since it is not only small in size, but also allows bends and junctions to be incorporated into the circuits with very little radiation and interference. A design diagram is given. Losses and coupling coefficients of the strips are calculated, as well. Some basic circuit components, such as 90° and 180° bends and T-junctions, made of polystyrene strips, are measured to confirm their usefulness in millimeter-wave integrated circuits.
373 citations
TL;DR: The first ISFET was reported by Bergveld as mentioned in this paper, where the metal gate electrode was removed in order to expose the underlying msulator layer to solution, and the gate msulator played the role of an ion selective electrode.
325 citations
267 citations
TL;DR: A new device for examining the bronchial hyperresponsiveness by directly writing the dose-response curve of respiratory resistance (Rrs) during the continuous inhalation of the methacholine in stepwise incremental concentrations found that the Rrs began to increase at a certain threshold concentration of methamphetamine (bronchial sensitivity) and that it has a curvilinear slope.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the energy band structure of black phosphorus was calculated using the tight binding approach and it was shown that black phosphorus is a narrow gap semiconductor with the direct energy gap at the zone edge in the (0 0 k z ) direction.
Abstract: The energy band structure of black phosphorus is calculated for the first time using the tight binding approach. It is shown that black phosphorus is a narrow gap semiconductor with the direct energy gap at the zone edge in the (0 0 k z ) direction. The pressure dependence of the energy gap is calculated to be -2.61 ×10 -2 eV/kbar, its experimental counterpart being -2.51 ×10 -2 eV/kbar. The optical absorption and the electrical conductivity of black phosphorus single crystals are discussed in terms of the calculated band structure.
264 citations
TL;DR: The postulate that ordinary hadrons contain intrinsic charm-quark states (such as Vertical Baruudcc-bar> in the proton) at the 1% level is shown to explain two sets of unexpected experimental results: (1) copious diffractive production of charmed hadrons at large longitudinal momentum in high-energy proton-nucleon and pion-nule collisions, and (2) anomalously large number of same-sign dimuon events observed in deep-inelastic neutrino reactions.
Abstract: The postulate that ordinary hadrons contain intrinsic charm-quark states (such as Vertical Baruudcc-bar> in the proton) at the 1% level is shown to explain two sets of unexpected experimental results: (1) the copious diffractive production of charmed hadrons at large longitudinal momentum in high-energy proton-nucleon and pion-nucleon collisions, and (2) the anomalously large number of same-sign dimuon events observed in deep-inelastic neutrino reactions. We also predict cross sections for open b and t production for high-energy hadron-hadron collisions.
243 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of Zeeman splitting and spin-orbit scattering on the resistance in two-dimensional disordered systems are theoretically studied. And the field dependence of the magnetoresistance is shown to have the characteristic anisotropy.
Abstract: Effects of Zeeman splitting and spin-orbit scattering on the resistance in two-dimensional disordered systems are theoretically studied. The field dependence of the magnetoresistance is shown to have the characteristic anisotropy. The present theory explains the qualitative features of the experimental observations by Komori et al. in Cu granular films.
237 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the dielectric tube leaky waveguide can be bent with a small bending radius compared with a metallic hollow waveguide when the guide material is appropriately selected.
Abstract: A general method is presented of evaluating bending losses in hollow-core waveguides; analytic expressions are obtained for metallic hollow, dielectric hollow, and tube leaky waveguides on the basis of the 2-D slab waveguide model. Numerical examples are given for waveguides made of different kinds of metals, oxide, and dielectric materials at 10.6 μm. It is shown that the dielectric tube leaky waveguide can be bent with a small bending radius compared with a metallic hollow waveguide when the guide material is appropriately selected.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the sliding behavior of grain boundaries and found that an off-coincidence boundary changed into an almost exact coincidence boundary by the absorption of lattice dislocations.
Abstract: Dislocation structures of grain boundaries whose sliding behaviour had already been studied, have been observed by transmission electron microscopy of the slid grain boundaries. The ordered (coincidence) and random boundaries exhibited quite different sliding behaviour and dislocation structures. In the case of ordered boundaries, sliding was difficult and remarkable slide-hardening was shown. Transmission electron microscopy evidenced the presence of a number of EGBDs in these grain boundaries. In contrast, sliding of random boundaries easily took place showing slight slide-hardening. EGBDs were hardly observed in random boundaries. A systematic change in grain boundary misorientation during sliding was observed. An off-coincidence boundary changed into an almost exact coincidence boundary by the absorption of lattice dislocations. These results can be qualitatively explained by a dislocation model of sliding in which the absorption of lattice dislocations into the grain boundary is considered t...
TL;DR: A preliminary double-blind controlled study on the prophylactic effect of carbamazepine on recurrent manic-depressive psychotics was conducted with 22 patients using an inert placebo in ten subjects as a control drug, and it is suggested that carbamazepsine is a useful drug for theProphylaxis of manic- Depressive illness.
Abstract: A preliminary double-blind controlled study on the prophylactic effect of carbamazepine on recurrent manic-depressive psychotics was conducted with 22 patients using an inert placebo in ten subjects as a control drug. Carbamazepine in the dosage of 200-600 mg was administered for 1 year. Among the 22 carbamazepine subjects, carbamazepine was found to be effective in 60% of the cases and inert placebo in 22.2% (U-test, P less than 0.10). It is suggested that carbamazepine is a useful drug for the prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness.
TL;DR: The energy bands of black phosphorus, a narrow gap semiconductor with a layer structure consisting of puckered layers, were calculated for the first time using the tight binding approximation as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The energy bands of black phosphorus, which is a narrow gap semiconductor with a layer structure consisting of puckered layers, are calculated for the first time using the tight binding approximation. On the basis of the resulting band structure, the electronic properties of black phosphorus are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, 15 amorphous Fe-Ni base alloys containing P and/or B as additives were studied to determine their catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of CO to produce mainly C1 to C3 hydrocarbons.
TL;DR: Fecundity studies of neritic calanoid copepods, Acartia clausi Giesbrecht and A. steueri Smirnov, were made under controlled laboratory conditions and a simple model equation describing fecundity was derived from the combined effects of temperature and chlorophyll a on daily egg production.
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: The result indicates that the inheritance of diabetes mellitus is not determined by specific gene(s) but is influenced by many genes relating to carbohydrate metabolism.
Abstract: We succeeded to produce spontaneous-diabetes rats from normal Wistar rats by repetition of the selective breeding. Oral glucose tolerance test was used for the selection as an indicator. The result indicates that the inheritance of diabetes mellitus is not determined by specific gene(s) but is influenced by many genes relating to carbohydrate metabolism.
TL;DR: Results indicate that immobility itself is not affected by antidepressants, and it is suggested that the reduction in the duration of immobilty only during the first 5 min of the test, which was caused by the prolongation of the escape-directed behaviour, and the potentiation of the effect after chronic treatment are an action specific to antidepressants.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel polytitanocarbosilane was synthesized to examine the process of converting a multielement organometallic polymer into an inorganic compound, which was investigated by the techniques of infra-red spectroscopy (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), number average molecular weight measurements and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements.
Abstract: The novel polytitanocarbosilane, formed by the cross-linking of polycarbosilane with titanium tetra-alkoxide, was synthesized to examine the process of converting a multielement organometallic polymer into an inorganic compound. The chemical structure of this polymer was investigated by the techniques of infra-red spectroscopy (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), number average molecular weight measurements and29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The pyrolysis products in N2 gas at 1400° C and 1700° C were the microcrystalline and crystalline states of silicon carbide and titanium carbide, respectively.
TL;DR: Factors that determine the prognosis of social adjustment were almost similar to those for remission of seizures, and there was a close correlation between the outcome of seizure control and that ofsocial adjustment.
Abstract: A multi-institutional study on the prognosis of patients with epilepsy was performed in Japan from 1975 to 1977, including 20 institutions. The outcome of epileptic seizures and social adjustment 10, 5, and 3 years after the onset of the illness was studied in three different groups of epileptic patients, respectively. The number of successfully followed-up cases was 1,868 in total, follow-up rate being 42%. The data were analyzed statistically by use of analysis of variance. The rate of remission of seizures in all was 58.3% and the rate of normal social adjustment 62.6%. The remission rate showed no significant difference among the 10-, 5-, and 3-year outcome groups. The study on the outcome of seizure control indicated that the prognosis of seizure control is more favorable (a) in idiopathic than in residual or symptomatic epileptics; (b) in patients with onset before 10 years of age than in those with onset after 10 years; (c) in patients with less frequent seizures; (d) in sleep epilepsy than in waking and diffuse epilepsies; (e) in patients who started treatment within 1 year of onset of seizure; (f) in patients with single-type partial seizures than in those with partial seizures combined with tonic-clonic seizures; (g) in patients without high grade EEG background abnormality; and (h) in patients without neurological symptoms, intellectual deficits, personality disturbances, or psychotic symptoms. Factors that determine the prognosis of social adjustment were almost similar to those for remission of seizures. There was a close correlation between the outcome of seizure control and that of social adjustment. Correlation coefficient between follow-up rate and remission rate in 15 of the 20 collaborated institutions was 0.55 (p less than 0.05), showing a tendency that the remission rate becomes higher as the follow-up rate is raised.
TL;DR: Carbonaceous material in pelitic schists of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt in central Shikoku, Japan, was separated from the host rocks and its X-ray diffraction and chemical composition were studied as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the quadrupole of the adsorbate molecule and the electrostatic field in the zeolite cavity was considered and a new method of generalizing the adsorption equation was established.
TL;DR: Fluorine contents in about 300 samples of various types of basalts and related rocks from continental (southwestern U.S.A., Zaire; Deccan and South Africa) and oceanic regions (Hawaii and Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 23° N and 40° N) were determined by a selective ion-electrode method.
Abstract: Fluorine contents in about 300 samples of various types of basalts and related rocks from continental (southwestern U.S.A.; Zaire; Deccan and South Africa) and oceanic regions (Hawaii and Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 23° N and 40° N) were determined by a selective ion-electrode method.
TL;DR: Th Thin fibre bundles were dissected from taenia caeci of the guinea‐pig, and were mounted in an apparatus to record isometric tension mainly at 25 °C.
Abstract: 1. Thin fibre bundles (about 100 mum in width and 1.5 mm in length) were dissected from taenia caeci of the guinea-pig, and were mounted in an apparatus to record isometric tension mainly at 25 degrees C.2. Fibre bundles were chemically skinned by treating with 50 mug saponin/ml. for 20 min in a relaxing solution. Upon application of an activating solution containing 80 mum-Ca(2+) the fibre bundles rapidly developed a tension which was comparable in magnitude to that elicited with 10 mum-carbachol before the saponin treatment.3. It was confirmed that skinned fibre bundles develop active tension slowly in the virtual absence of Ca(2+) when Mg(2+) concentration was raised above 2 mm in the presence of MgATP. However, this tension was not developed in the presence of an ATP regenerating system.4. Maximum Ca(2+) activated tension and Ca sensitivity of skinned smooth muscle fibre bundles were examined using solutions in which pH, ionic strength, and the concentrations of Mg(2+) and MgATP(2-) were varied around supposedly physiological values. An ATP regenerating system was used when necessary.5. Maximum Ca(2+) activated tension changed only slightly with alteration in ionic strength (0.15-0.3 m). It decreased by 40% with increase in pH from 6.4 to 7.2, and decreased by 10-30% when Mg(2+) concentration was either lowered to 0.2 mm or raised to 2 and 10 mm from 1 mm. The tension increased by about 10-20% as MgATP(2-) concentration was raised from 0.4 to 4 or 8 mm.6. Changes in pH, ionic strength, and MgATP(2-) concentration in the above range had no important effects on the relative isometric tension-pCa relation. Decrease of Mg(2+) concentration from 1 to 0.2 mm had little effect, but increase to 2 and 10 mm shifted the curve some 0.2 and 0.6 pCa units, respectively, toward a lower pCa. There was not large difference between the relative isometric tension-pCa relation at 25 degrees C and that at 38 degrees C.7. The Ca(2+) concentration in the smooth muscle cell of taenia during physiological contraction can be estimated from the results obtained and the values for the relevant in vivo ionic constituents given in the literature; the lowest Ca(2+) concentration for detectable tension development is between 0.2 and 0.5 mum, and tension tends to level off above 10 mum-Ca(2+).
TL;DR: Glycyrrhizin was found to inhibit prostaglandin E2 production by activated rat peritoneal macrophages and release of [3H]arachidonic acid from prelabeled cells was also inhibited by glycyr rhizin.
TL;DR: In this article, it was concluded that the fairly high bond strength of a Al2O3-Nb interface might be attributed to the formation of a thin NbOx layer, which had grown epitaxially on the surface.
Abstract: Diffusion couples of Al2O3 single-crystal, sapphire, and Nb polycrystal were heat-treated in the temperature range 1873 to 2073 K under pressure in the range 3 to 15.2 MN m−2 for various times up to 3.6×103 sec. Tensile testing at various temperatures up to 1873 K in a vacuum of about 10−3 Pa, Knoop hardness testing at room temperature, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis studies were carried out on the specimens. From the results, it was concluded that the fairly high bond strength of a Al2O3-Nb interface might be attributed to the formation of a thin NbOx layer, which had grown epitaxially on the Al2O3 surface. Lattice matching between Al2O3 and NbOx phases was also considered.
TL;DR: In this article, a thickness-extensional mode piezoelectric resonator consisting of a ZnO/SiO2 diaphragm supported by a silicon wafer was presented.
Abstract: We report on a thickness-extensional-mode piezoelectric resonator consisting of a ZnO/SiO2 diaphragm supported by a silicon wafer. It is found that the temperature coefficient of frequency can be reduced to zero by adjusting the ZnO/SiO2 thickness ratio. A temperature coefficient of frequency as low as 10 ppm/°C was experimentally obtained.