Trier University of Applied Sciences

About: Trier University of Applied Sciences is a education organization based out in Trier, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Radar. The organization has 496 authors who have published 716 publications receiving 12909 citations.

Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents

Abstract: The article focuses on adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents such as clay minerals, metal (hydr)oxides, and soil organic matter. Empirical and mechanistic model approaches for heavy metal adsorption and parameter determination in such models have been reviewed. Sorption mechanisms in soils, the influence of surface functional groups and surface complexation as well as parameters influencing adsorption are discussed. The individual adsorption behavior of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn and Co on soils and soil constituents is reviewed.

Fuel Cell Technology Handbook

Abstract: PART 1: TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION, Gregor Hoogers What is a Fuel Cell? Main Applications / the "Drivers" Low and Medium Temperature Fuel Cells: AFC, PEMFC, AND PAFC High Temperature Fuel Cells: MCFC AND SOFC Liquid Fuel: DMFC HISTORY, Eric L. Chen, Department of Engineering, University of Oxford, UK Introduction The "Gaseous Voltaic Battery" "Electricity Direct from Coal" The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Alkaline Fuel Cell The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell The Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell The Solid Polymer Fuel Cell Application in Road Vehicles Conclusions References Further Reading THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL KINETICS, Eric L. Chen, Department of Engineering, University of Oxford, UK Engineering Thermodynamics Conversion Efficiencies of Heat Engines and Fuel Cells Chemical Reactions Chemical Thermodynamics Electrochemical Kinetics Conclusions References FUEL CELL COMPONENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE, Gregor Hoogers General Design Features Fuel Cell Performance: The MEA and the Current/Voltage Curve MEA Components Other Hardware - The Fuel Cell Stack References THE FUELING PROBLEM: FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, Gregor Hoogers Fueling Options Present Hydrogen Storage Technology Fuel Storage Capacities Reformer Technology CO Removal/Pd-membrane Technology The Right Fuel/Fuel Cell Power Systems Primary Fuels and Fuel Clean-Up Fuel Cell Technology Based on Renewables References CATALYSTS FOR THE PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL, Dave Thomsett, Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, UK Electrocatalysts for PEMFC Catalyst Design, Selection, and Properties Anode Electrocatalysis Approaches to Reformate Tolerance Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysis Cathode Electrocatalysis Preparation of Catalysts Characterisation of Catalysts Supports References PROSPECTS OF THE DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL, Martin Hogarth, Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, UK Operating Principle of the DMFC Technological Challenges Ahead of DMFC Commercialisation Electrode Performance Conclusions and Future Recommendations References PART II: APPLICATIONS STATIONARY POWER GENERATION, Martina Hinsberger and Gregor Hoogers Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Power Generation Large-Scale Central Power Generation and Small-Scale CHP Systems Domestic Heat and Power Generation Outlook References PORTABLE SYSTEMS, Gregor Hoogers What are "Portable" Systems? Prototypes and Examples Conclusions References AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, Gregor Hoogers Fuel Cell Applications in Automotive Technology Key Developers Conclusion References COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION, R. Stone, Department of Engineering, University of Oxford, UK Introduction Internal Combustion Engines Emissions Control Technology for IC Engines Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Conclusions References FUEL CELL FUEL CYCLES David Hart and Ausilio Bauen Introduction to Fuel Cycle Analysis Applying Fuel Cycle Analysis to Fuel Cells and Competing Technologies Fuel cycle Analysis Results Interpretation of results Recent Fuel Cycle Analyses and their Implications Conclusions Acknowledgements References OUTLOOK - THE NEXT FIVE YEARS Gregor Hoogers APPENDICES Useful web sites Key Word Index

Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have identified multiple genetic associations with such disorders, but better methods are needed to derive the underlying biological mechanisms that these signals indicate. We sought to identify biological pathways in GWAS data from over 60,000 participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We developed an analysis framework to rank pathways that requires only summary statistics. We combined this score across disorders to find common pathways across three adult psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Histone methylation processes showed the strongest association, and we also found statistically significant evidence for associations with multiple immune and neuronal signaling pathways and with the postsynaptic density. Our study indicates that risk variants for psychiatric disorders aggregate in particular biological pathways and that these pathways are frequently shared between disorders. Our results confirm known mechanisms and suggest several novel insights into the etiology of psychiatric disorders.

Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

Abstract: Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15–91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe.