Trinity College, Dublin

About: Trinity College, Dublin is a education organization based out in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 20576 authors who have published 48296 publications receiving 1780313 citations.

BRAFV600E: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Molecular Therapy

Abstract: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is frequently mutated in human cancer. This pathway consists of a small GTP protein of the RAS family that is activated in response to extracellular signaling to recruit a member of the RAF kinase family to the cell membrane. Active RAF signals through MAP/ERK kinase to activate ERK and its downstream effectors to regulate a wide range of biological activities including cell differentiation, proliferation, senescence, and survival. Mutations in the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogenes homolog B1 (BRAF) isoform of the RAF kinase or KRAS isoform of the RAS protein are found as activating mutations in approximately 30% of all human cancers. The BRAF pathway has become a target of interest for molecular therapy, with promising results emerging from clinical trials. Here, the role of the most common BRAF mutation BRAF(V600E) in human carcinogenesis is investigated through a review of the literature, with specific focus on its role in melanoma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target.

The Oil Curse: How petroleum wealth shapes the development of nations

Abstract: Ross M The Oil Curse How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the January 29th, 2019 The Oil Curse How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of Nations Michael L Ross He has published widely on the politics of resource rich countries and served on advisory boards for the World Bank the Revenue Watch Institute and the Natural Resource Charter His work has appeared in Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy and the New York Times

Pupillometry and P3 index the locus coeruleus–noradrenergic arousal function in humans

Abstract: The adaptive gain theory highlights the pivotal role of the locus coeruleus–noradrenergic (LC-NE) system in regulating task engagement. In humans, however, LC-NE functional dynamics remain largely unknown. We evaluated the utility of two candidate psychophysiological markers of LC-NE activity: the P3 event-related potential and pupil diameter. Electroencephalogram and pupillometry data were collected from 24 participants who performed a 37-min auditory oddball task. As predicted by the adaptive gain theory, prestimulus pupil diameter exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship to P3 and task performance such that largest P3 amplitudes and optimal performance occurred at the same intermediate level of pupil diameter. Large phasic pupil dilations, by contrast, were elicited during periods of poor performance and were followed by reengagement in the task and increased P3 amplitudes. These results support recent proposals that pupil diameter and the P3 are sensitive to LC-NE mode.

Guidelines for Exfoliation, Characterization and Processing of Layered Materials Produced by Liquid Exfoliation

Abstract: Liquid phase exfoliation has become an important method for the production of large quantities of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets. This method is versatile, having been used to produce dozens of different 2D materials in a range of stabilizing liquids. The resultant liquid-suspended nanosheets have been characterized in great detail and have been processed into a number of structures for a wide range of applications. This has led to a growing number of researchers adopting this method. As a result, best practice in terms of experimental procedure has evolved rapidly over recent years. As experimental complexity has increased, it has become more and more difficult to discuss the rational behind a chosen experimental procedure in full detail using standard “Methods” sections due to the frequent use of procedures developed in related prior reports. This can make it difficult to reproduce complex procedures and acts as a barrier to new researchers entering the field. To address this shortcoming, here we descr...