Trinity College, Dublin

About: Trinity College, Dublin is a education organization based out in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 20576 authors who have published 48296 publications receiving 1780313 citations.

Molecular evidence for an ancient duplication of the entire yeast genome

Abstract: Gene duplication is an important source of evolutionary novelty Most duplications are of just a single gene, but Ohno proposed that whole-genome duplication (polyploidy) is an important evolutionary mechanism Many duplicate genes have been found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and these often seem to be phenotypically redundant Here we show that the arrangement of duplicated genes in the S cerevisiae genome is consistent with Ohno's hypothesis We propose a model in which this species is a degenerate tetraploid resulting from a whole-genome duplication that occurred after the divergence of Saccharomyces from Kluyveromyces Only a small fraction of the genes were subsequently retained in duplicate (most were deleted), and gene order was rearranged by many reciprocal translocations between chromosomes Protein pairs derived from this duplication event make up 13% of all yeast proteins, and include pairs of transcription factors, protein kinases, myosins, cyclins and pheromones Tetraploidy may have facilitated the evolution of anaerobic fermentation in Saccharomyces

Mixed-valence manganites

Abstract: Mixed-valence manganese oxides (R1-χAχ)MnO3 (R=rare-earth cation, A=alkali or alkaline earth cation), with a structure similar to that of perovskite CaTiO3, exhibit a rich variety of crystallographic, electronic and magnetic phases. Historically they led to the formulation of new physical concepts such as double exchange and the Jahn-Teller polaron. More recent work on thin films has revealed new phenomena, including colossal magnetoresistance near the Curie temperature, dense granular magnetoresistance and optically-induced magnetic phase transitions. This review gives an account of the literature on mixed-valence manganites, placing new results in the context of established knowledge of these materials, and other magnetic semiconductors. Issues addressed include the nature of the electronic ground states, the metal-insulator transition as a function of temperature, pressure and applied magnetic field, the electronic transport mechanisms, dielectric and magnetic polaron formation, magnetic localization, ...

Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease

Abstract: The general view that only adaptive immunity can build immunological memory has recently been challenged. In organisms lacking adaptive immunity, as well as in mammals, the innate immune system can mount resistance to reinfection, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory." Trained immunity is orchestrated by epigenetic reprogramming, broadly defined as sustained changes in gene expression and cell physiology that do not involve permanent genetic changes such as mutations and recombination, which are essential for adaptive immunity. The discovery of trained immunity may open the door for novel vaccine approaches, new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune deficiency states, and modulation of exaggerated inflammation in autoinflammatory diseases.

Long-Term Potentiation and Memory

Abstract: Lynch, MA. Long-Term Potentiation and Memory. Physiol Rev 84: 87–136, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00014.2003.—One of the most significant challenges in neuroscience is to identify the cellular and molecu...