Trinity College, Dublin

About: Trinity College, Dublin is a education organization based out in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 20576 authors who have published 48296 publications receiving 1780313 citations.

Domain wall QCD with physical quark masses

Abstract: We present results for several light hadronic quantities (${f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, ${f}_{K}$, ${B}_{K}$, ${m}_{ud}$, ${m}_{s}$, ${t}_{0}^{1/2}$, ${w}_{0}$) obtained from simulations of $2+1$ flavor domain wall lattice QCD with large physical volumes and nearly physical pion masses at two lattice spacings We perform a short, $\mathcal{O}(3)%$, extrapolation in pion mass to the physical values by combining our new data in a simultaneous chiral/continuum ``global fit'' with a number of other ensembles with heavier pion masses We use the physical values of ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, ${m}_{K}$ and ${m}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$ to determine the two quark masses and the scale---all other quantities are outputs from our simulations We obtain results with subpercent statistical errors and negligible chiral and finite-volume systematics for these light hadronic quantities, including ${f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=1302(9)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$; ${f}_{K}=1555(8)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$; the average up/down quark mass and strange quark mass in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme at 3 GeV, 2997(49) and 8164(117) MeV respectively; and the neutral kaon mixing parameter, ${B}_{K}$, in the renormalization group invariant scheme, 0750(15) and the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme at 3 GeV, 0530(11)

Characteristics and treatment of patients with G3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Abstract: Data on gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) G3 (well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET G3) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC)) are limited. We retrospectively study patients with NET G3 and NEC from eight European centers. Data examined included clinical and pathological characteristics at diagnosis, therapies and outcomes. Two hundred and four patients were analyzed (37 NET G3 and 167 NEC). Median age was 64 (21-89) years. Tumor origin included pancreas (32%) and colon-rectum (27%). The primary tumor was resected in 82 (40%) patients. Metastatic disease was evident at diagnosis in 88% (liver metastases: 67%). Median Ki-67 index was 70% (30% in NET G3 and 80% in NEC; P<0.001). Median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 23 (95% CI: 18-28) months and significantly higher in NET G3 (99 vs 17 months in NEC; HR=8.3; P<0.001). Platinum-etoposide first line chemotherapy was administered in 113 (68%) NEC and 12 (32%) NET G3 patients. Disease control rate and progression free survival (PFS) were significantly higher in NEC compared to NET G3 (P<0.05), whereas OS was significantly longer in NET G3 (P=0.003). Second- and third-line therapies (mainly FOLFIRI and FOLFOX) were given in 79 and 39 of NEC patients; median PFS and OS were 3.0 and 7.6 months respectively after second-line and 2.5 and 6.2 months after third-line chemotherapy. In conclusion, NET G3 and NEC are characterized by significant differences in Ki-67 index and outcomes. While platinum-based chemotherapy is effective in NEC, it seems to have limited value in NET G3.

Superstrings on AdS4 × ℂℙ3 as a coset sigma-model

Abstract: According to the recent proposal by Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena the = 6 supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory in three dimensions has a 't Hooft limit whose holographic dual is described by type IIA superstings on AdS4 × 3 background. We argue that the Green-Schwarz action for type IIA string theory on AdS4 × 3 with κ-symmetry partially fixed can be understood as a coset sigma-model on the same space supplied with a proper Wess-Zumino term. We construct the corresponding sigma-model Lagrangian and show that it is invariant under a local fermionic symmetry which for generic bosonic string configurations allows one to remove 8 out of 24 fermionic degrees of freedom. The remaining 16 fermions together with their bosonic partners should describe the physical content of AdS4 × 3 superstring. As further evidence, we demonstrate that in the plane-wave limit the quadratic action arising from our model reproduces the one emerging from the type IIA superstring. The coset sigma-model is classically integrable which opens up the possibility to investigate its dynamics in a way very similar to the case of AdS5 × S5 superstrings.

Duplications of the neuropeptide receptor gene VIPR2 confer significant risk for schizophrenia

Abstract: Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have a prominent role in the aetiology of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Substantial risk for schizophrenia is conferred by large (>500-kilobase) CNVs at several loci, including microdeletions at 1q21.1 (ref. 2), 3q29 (ref. 3), 15q13.3 (ref. 2) and 22q11.2 (ref. 4) and microduplication at 16p11.2 (ref. 5). However, these CNVs collectively account for a small fraction (2-4%) of cases, and the relevant genes and neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood. Here we performed a large two-stage genome-wide scan of rare CNVs and report the significant association of copy number gains at chromosome 7q36.3 with schizophrenia. Microduplications with variable breakpoints occurred within a 362-kilobase region and were detected in 29 of 8,290 (0.35%) patients versus 2 of 7,431 (0.03%) controls in the combined sample. All duplications overlapped or were located within 89 kilobases upstream of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene VIPR2. VIPR2 transcription and cyclic-AMP signalling were significantly increased in cultured lymphocytes from patients with microduplications of 7q36.3. These findings implicate altered vasoactive intestinal peptide signalling in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and indicate the VPAC2 receptor as a potential target for the development of new antipsychotic drugs.