Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

About: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria is a education organization based out in Santa Maria, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 21178 authors who have published 35632 publications receiving 371665 citations.

Development and characterization of alginate microcapsules containing Bifidobacterium BB-12 produced by emulsification/internal gelation followed by freeze drying

Abstract: Emulsification/internal gelation is an encapsulation method showing great potential to confer protection on probiotics that need to be added to foods with an unfavorable environment for their viability. The objective of this study was to produce probiotic microcapsules by internal ionic gelation associated with freeze drying, and evaluate the viability of the probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and their stability during storage. The results showed that microencapsulation culminated in a elevated viability of the probiotics and that the microcapsules were resistant to the simulated gastrointestinal conditions, providing substantial protection to Bifidobacterium BB-12. The encapsulated microorganisms maintained their viability of 7.88 ± 0.05 log CFU g−1 for up to 60 days at 25 °C, but the best results were conserved when submitted to refrigerated (7 °C) or frozen (−18 °C) storage. In addition to the microcapsules remained protected in a solution buffered at pH 4.5 but exposed total release of the probiotics in a solution buffered at pH 7.5, demonstrating conditions of controlled release for use with probiotic carriers for human consumption. Thus, the study demonstrated that emulsification/internal ionic gelation associated with the freeze drying process could be considered feasible technology for the protection, application and controlled release of probiotics for use in foods.

Citral and linalool chemotypes of Lippia alba essential oil as anesthetics for fish: a detailed physiological analysis of side effects during anesthetic recovery in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Abstract: The viability using Lippia alba essential oil as an anesthetic for fish was studied, particularly with respect to physiological effects during recovery. Anesthesia of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) using 100 and 300 μL L-1 of two different chemotypes of L. alba essential oil (citral EO-C and linalool EO-L) prevented the increase of plasma cortisol levels caused by handling, but did not avoid alterations in energetic metabolism. Silver catfish did not have increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the kidney and liver during recovery after anesthesia with either EO, avoiding lipid damage. On the other hand, fish anesthetized with EO-C showed higher protein carbonylation levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities and non-protein thiol group levels in both tissues compared to controls. Our results suggest that both oils show antioxidant capacity, but anesthesia with EO-L does not cause damage to lipids or proteins, only temporary changes, typical of physiological adjustments during recovery from anesthesia. Therefore, EO-L is an effective anesthetic for silver catfish with fewer side effects than EO-C.