Institution
University of Auckland
Education•Auckland, New Zealand•
About: University of Auckland is a education organization based out in Auckland, New Zealand. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 28049 authors who have published 77706 publications receiving 2689366 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Auckland & Auckland University College.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Poison control, Health care, Randomized controlled trial
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Ohio State University1, University of Notre Dame2, University of Warsaw3, Tel Aviv University4, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory5, Princeton University6, University of Concepción7, University of Cambridge8, Chungbuk National University9, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute10, Nagoya University11, Massey University12, University of Auckland13, University of Canterbury14, Victoria University of Wellington15, Konan University16, University of Manchester17, Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology18, University of Exeter19, Centre national de la recherche scientifique20, Liverpool John Moores University21, University of St Andrews22, University of Tasmania23, Paul Sabatier University24, Dartmouth College25, University of Oxford26
TL;DR: Two planets with masses that could not have been detected with other techniques are identified; their discovery from only six confirmed microlensing planet detections suggests that solar system analogs may be common.
Abstract: Searches for extrasolar planets have uncovered an astonishing diversity of planetary systems, yet the frequency of solar system analogs remains unknown. The gravitational microlensing planet search method is potentially sensitive to multiple-planet systems containing analogs of all the solar system planets except Mercury. We report the detection of a multiple-planet system with microlensing. We identify two planets with masses of ∼0.71 and ∼0.27 times the mass of Jupiter and orbital separations of ∼2.3 and ∼4.6 astronomical units orbiting a primary star of mass ∼0.50 solar mass at a distance of ∼1.5 kiloparsecs. This system resembles a scaled version of our solar system in that the mass ratio, separation ratio, and equilibrium temperatures of the planets are similar to those of Jupiter and Saturn. These planets could not have been detected with other techniques; their discovery from only six confirmed microlensing planet detections suggests that solar system analogs may be common.
341 citations
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TL;DR: This study suggests that decreasing the dietary share of ultra-processed foods is a rational and effective way to improve the nutritional quality of US diets.
Abstract: Recent population dietary studies indicate that diets rich in ultra-processed foods, increasingly frequent worldwide, are grossly nutritionally unbalanced, suggesting that the dietary contribution of these foods largely determines the overall nutritional quality of contemporaneous diets. Yet, these studies have focused on individual nutrients (one at a time) rather than the overall nutritional quality of the diets. Here we investigate the relationship between the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in the US diet and its content of critical nutrients, individually and overall. We evaluated dietary intakes of 9,317 participants from 2009 to 2010 NHANES aged 1+ years. Food items were classified into unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods. First, we examined the average dietary content of macronutrients, micronutrients, and fiber across quintiles of the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods. Then, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify a nutrient-balanced dietary pattern to enable the assessment of the overall nutritional quality of the diet. Linear regression was used to explore the association between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and the balanced-pattern PCA factor score. The scores were thereafter categorized into tertiles, and their distribution was examined across ultra-processed food quintiles. All models incorporated survey sample weights and were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and educational attainment. The average content of protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, D, and E, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium in the US diet decreased significantly across quintiles of the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods, while carbohydrate, added sugar, and saturated fat contents increased. An inverse dose–response association was found between ultra-processed food quintiles and overall dietary quality measured through a nutrient-balanced-pattern PCA-derived factor score characterized by being richer in fiber, potassium, magnesium and vitamin C, and having less saturated fat and added sugars. This study suggests that decreasing the dietary share of ultra-processed foods is a rational and effective way to improve the nutritional quality of US diets.
341 citations
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TL;DR: The accuracy of the self-reported data and its effect on the misclassification of relative weight, as measured by Quetelet index, were examined and indicated that self-reports have a high degree of accuracy, however, the participants consistently overestimated their height and underestimated their weight, resulting in an underestimation ofrelative weight.
Abstract: Self-reported and measured height and weight were obtained from a representative sample of 1,598 persons in Auckland, New Zealand during 1982. The accuracy of the self-reported data and its effect on the misclassification of relative weight, as measured by Quetelet index, were examined. The finding that for most participants (75%), self-reported measures were no more than 3.5 cm from their measured height and 2.4 kg from their measured weight indicates that self-reports have a high degree of accuracy. However, the participants consistently overestimated their height and underestimated their weight, resulting in an underestimation of relative weight. This would have little effect on analyses using the self-reported relative weight measures as a continuous covariate, but misclassification would occur when using relative weight as a categorical variable. The sensitivities and specificities associated with categorized self-reported relative risks that have been calculated from relative weight derived from self-reported height and weight.
341 citations
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TL;DR: The role of the developmental pathways Wingless and Notch, controlling trophoblast stemness/differentiation and formation of invasive trophoplast progenitors, respectively are discussed.
Abstract: Abnormal placentation is considered as an underlying cause of various pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, the latter increasing the risk for the development of severe disorders in later life such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms governing human placental formation and trophoblast cell lineage specification and differentiation have been poorly unravelled, mostly due to the lack of appropriate cellular model systems. However, over the past few years major progress has been made by establishing self-renewing human trophoblast stem cells and 3-dimensional organoids from human blastocysts and early placental tissues opening the path for detailed molecular investigations. Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about human placental development, its stem cells, progenitors and differentiated cell types in the trophoblast epithelium and the villous core. Anatomy of the early placenta, current model systems, and critical key regulatory factors and signalling cascades governing placentation will be elucidated. In this context, we will discuss the role of the developmental pathways Wingless and Notch, controlling trophoblast stemness/differentiation and formation of invasive trophoblast progenitors, respectively.
341 citations
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TL;DR: The relative effectiveness and safety of methods of luteal phase support provided to subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction using progesterone, hCG or GnRH agonist supplementation in ART cycles was determined.
Abstract: Background
Progesterone prepares the endometrium for pregnancy by stimulating proliferation in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the corpus luteum in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In assisted reproduction techniques (ART), progesterone and/or hCG levels are low, so the luteal phase is supported with progesterone, hCG or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists to improve implantation and pregnancy rates.
Objectives
To determine the relative effectiveness and safety of methods of luteal phase support provided to subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction.
Search methods
We searched databases including the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group (MDSG) Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and trial registers up to November 2014. Further searches were undertaken in August 2015.
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of luteal phase support using progesterone, hCG or GnRH agonist supplementation in ART cycles.
Data collection and analysis
We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcome was live birth or ongoing pregnancy. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE methods.
Main results
Ninety-four RCTs (26,198 women) were included. Most studies had unclear or high risk of bias in most domains. The main limitations in the evidence were poor reporting of study methods and imprecision due to small sample sizes.
1. hCG vs placebo/no treatment (five RCTs, 746 women)
Findings suggested benefit for the hCG group in live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates when data were analysed with a fixed-effect model (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.86, three RCTs, 527 women, I2 = 24%, very low-quality evidence) but there was no clear evidence of a difference using a random-effects model (OR 1.67, 95% CI 0.90 to 3.12). hCG may increase ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rates (OR 4.28, 95% CI 1.91 to 9.6, one RCT, 387 women, low-quality evidence).
2. Progesterone vs placebo/no treatment (eight RCTs, 875 women)
Findings suggested benefit for the progesterone group in live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates when data were analysed with a fixed-effect model (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.86, five RCTs, 642 women, I2 = 35%, very low-quality evidence) but there was no clear evidence of a difference using a random-effects model (OR 1.77, 95% CI 0.96 to 3.26). OHSS was not reported.
3. Progesterone vs hCG regimens (16 RCTs, 2162 women)
hCG regimens included hCG alone and hCG with progesterone. There was no evidence of a difference between progesterone and hCG regimens in live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.38, five RCTs, 833 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence). Progesterone was associated with lower OHSS rates than hCG regimens (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.71, 5 RCTs, 1293 women , I2=48%).
4. Progesterone vs progesterone with oestrogen (16 RCTs, 2577 women)
There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in rates of live birth or ongoing pregnancy (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.38, nine RCTs, 1651 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence) or OHSS (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.63, two RCTs, 461 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence).
5. Progesterone vs progesterone + GnRH agonist (seven RCTs, 1708 women)
Live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates were lower in the progesterone-only group than the progesterone plus GnRH agonist group (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.81, nine RCTs, 2861 women, I2 = 55%, random effects, low-quality evidence). Statistical heterogeneity was high but the direction of effect was consistent across studies. OHSS was reported in one study only; there was no evidence of a difference between the groups (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.33 to 3.01, one RCT, 300 women, very low quality evidence).
6. Progesterone regimens (45 RCTs, 13,814 women)
There were nine different comparisons between progesterone regimens. Findings for live birth or ongoing pregnancy were as follows: intramuscular (IM) versus oral: OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.14 to 3.66 (one RCT, 40 women, very low-quality evidence); IM versus vaginal/rectal: OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.99 (seven RCTs, 2309 women, I2 = 71%, random effects, very low-quality evidence); vaginal/rectal versus oral: OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.69 (four RCTs, 857 women, I2 = 32%, low-quality evidence); low-dose versus high-dose vaginal: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.11 (five RCTs, 3720 women, I2 = 0%, moderate-quality evidence); short versus long protocol: OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.36 (five RCTs, 1205 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence); micronised versus synthetic: OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.55 (two RCTs, 470 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence); vaginal ring versus gel: OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.36 (one RCT, 1271 women, low-quality evidence); subcutaneous versus vaginal gel: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.14 (two RCTs, 1465 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence); vaginal versus rectal: OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.54 (one RCT, 147 women, very low-quality evidence). OHSS rates were reported for only two comparisons: IM versus oral, and low versus high-dose vaginal; there was no evidence of a difference between the groups.
7. Progesterone and oestrogen regimens (two RCTs, 1195 women)
The included studies compared two different oestrogen protocols. There was no evidence of a difference in live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates between a short or long protocol (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.43, one RCT, 910 women, low-quality evidence) or between a low or high dose of oestrogen (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.13, one RCT, 285 women, very low-quality evidence). Neither study reported OHSS.
Authors' conclusions
hCG or progesterone given during the luteal phase may be associated with higher rates of live birth or ongoing pregnancy than placebo or no treatment, but the evidence is not conclusive. The addition of GnRHa to progesterone appears to improve outcomes. hCG may increase the risk of OHSS compared to placebo. Moreover hCG, with or without progesterone, is associated with higher rates of OHSS than progesterone alone. Neither the addition of oestrogen nor the route of progesterone administration appears to be associated with an improvement in outcomes.
341 citations
Authors
Showing all 28484 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Frank E. Speizer | 193 | 636 | 135891 |
Bernard Rosner | 190 | 1162 | 147661 |
Eric Boerwinkle | 183 | 1321 | 170971 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
Monique M.B. Breteler | 159 | 546 | 93762 |
Charles H. Hennekens | 150 | 424 | 117806 |
Rajesh Kumar | 149 | 4439 | 140830 |
Hugh A. Sampson | 147 | 816 | 76492 |
David P. Strachan | 143 | 472 | 105256 |
Jun Lu | 135 | 1526 | 99767 |
Peter Zoller | 134 | 734 | 76093 |
David H. Barlow | 133 | 786 | 72730 |
Henry T. Lynch | 133 | 925 | 86270 |