Institution
University of Iowa
Education•Iowa City, Iowa, United States•
About: University of Iowa is a education organization based out in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 49229 authors who have published 109171 publications receiving 5021465 citations. The organization is also known as: UI & The University of Iowa.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Large Hadron Collider, Health care, Gene
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: In this article, teachers in an experimental group and teachers in a delayed-treatment control group received information and guidance consistent with self-determination theory on how to support students' autonomy.
Abstract: Engagement refers to the behavioral intensity and emotional quality of a person’s active involvement during a task. Recognizing the benefits highly engaged people experience, we tested whether classroom teachers could incorporate the relatively foreign concept of autonomy support into their motivating styles as a way to promote their students’ engagement during instruction. Teachers in an experimental group and teachers in a delayed-treatment control group received information and guidance consistent with self-determination theory on how to support students’ autonomy. Over a series of 3 classroom observations, trained raters scored each teacher’s autonomy support and 2 measures of their students’ engagement–task involvement and influence attempts. Trained teachers displayed significantly more autonomy-supportive behaviors than did nontrained teachers. Further, the more teachers used autonomy support during instruction, the more engaged were their students. This was true on both measures of engagement.
1,284 citations
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University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston1, Technische Universität München2, California Pacific Medical Center3, University of Milan4, University of Tübingen5, Fox Chase Cancer Center6, University of Iowa7, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón8, City of Hope National Medical Center9, Hirosaki University10, Bristol-Myers Squibb11, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai12
TL;DR: Nivolumab monotherapy provided meaningful clinical benefit, irrespective of PD-L1 expression, and was associated with an acceptable safety profile in previously treated patients with metastatic or surgically unresectable urothelial carcinoma.
Abstract: Summary Background Patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma have a dismal prognosis and few treatment options after first-line chemotherapy. Responses to second-line treatment are uncommon. We assessed nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, for safety and activity in patients with metastatic or surgically unresectable urothelial carcinoma whose disease progressed or recurred despite previous treatment with at least one platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. Methods In this multicentre, phase 2, single-arm study, patients aged 18 years or older with metastatic or surgically unresectable locally advanced urothelial carcinoma, measurable disease (according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors v1.1), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance statuses of 0 or 1, and available tumour samples for biomarker analysis received nivolumab 3 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks until disease progression and clinical deterioration, unacceptable toxicity, or other protocol-defined reasons. The primary endpoint was overall objective response confirmed by blinded independent review committee in all treated patients and by tumour PD-L1 expression (≥5% and ≥1%). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02387996, and is completed. Follow-up is still ongoing. Findings Between March 9, 2015, and Oct 16, 2015, 270 patients from 63 sites in 11 countries received nivolumab, and 265 were evaluated for activity. Median follow-up for overall survival was 7·00 months (IQR 2·96–8·77). Confirmed objective response was achieved in 52 (19·6%, 95% CI 15·0–24·9) of 265 patients. Confirmed objective response was achieved in 23 (28·4%, 95% CI 18·9–39·5) of the 81 patients with PD-L1 expression of 5% or greater, 29 (23·8%, 95% CI 16·5–32·3) of the 122 patients with PD-L1 expression of 1% or greater, and 23 (16·1%, 95% CI 10·5–23·1) of the 143 patients with PD-L1 expression of less than 1%. Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 48 (18%) of 270 patients—most commonly grade 3 fatigue and diarrhoea, which each occurred in five patients. Three deaths were attributed to treatment (pneumonitis, acute respiratory failure, and cardiovascular failure). Interpretation Nivolumab monotherapy provided meaningful clinical benefit, irrespective of PD-L1 expression, and was associated with an acceptable safety profile in previously treated patients with metastatic or surgically unresectable urothelial carcinoma. Funding Bristol-Myers Squibb.
1,275 citations
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TL;DR: The inversely-nonlinear relationship of muscle contraction force and the possible contraction duration is utilized in a method to mathematically predict individual muscle forces and shows substantial agreement with that activity pattern predicted when endurance is used as the optimization criterion.
1,275 citations
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TL;DR: An integrated ultrastructural, histochemical, molecular biological, and biochemical approach is described to identify specific molecular pathways associated with drusen biogenesis and invokes, for the first time, the potential for a direct role of cell- and immune-mediated processes in drusens biogenesis.
1,271 citations
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TL;DR: Using functional brain imaging, it is shown that the level of ambiguity in choices correlates positively with activation in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, and negatively with the striatal system, suggesting a general neural circuit responding to degrees of uncertainty, contrary to decision theory.
Abstract: Much is known about how people make decisions under varying levels of probability (risk). Less is known about the neural basis of decision-making when probabilities are uncertain because of missing information (ambiguity). In decision theory, ambiguity about probabilities should not affect choices. Using functional brain imaging, we show that the level of ambiguity in choices correlates positively with activation in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, and negatively with a striatal system. Moreover, striatal activity correlates positively with expected reward. Neurological subjects with orbitofrontal lesions were insensitive to the level of ambiguity and risk in behavioral choices. These data suggest a general neural circuit responding to degrees of uncertainty, contrary to decision theory.
1,270 citations
Authors
Showing all 49661 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Stephen V. Faraone | 188 | 1427 | 140298 |
Jie Zhang | 178 | 4857 | 221720 |
D. M. Strom | 176 | 3167 | 194314 |
Bradley T. Hyman | 169 | 765 | 136098 |
John H. Seinfeld | 165 | 921 | 114911 |
David Jonathan Hofman | 159 | 1407 | 140442 |
Stephen J. O'Brien | 153 | 1062 | 93025 |
John T. Cacioppo | 147 | 477 | 110223 |
Mark Raymond Adams | 147 | 1187 | 135038 |
E. L. Barberio | 143 | 1605 | 115709 |
Andrew Ivanov | 142 | 1812 | 97390 |
Stephen J. Lippard | 141 | 1201 | 89269 |
Russell Richard Betts | 140 | 1323 | 95678 |
Barry Blumenfeld | 140 | 1909 | 105694 |
Marcus Hohlmann | 140 | 1356 | 94739 |