Showing papers by "University of Miami published in 1986"
University of Miami1, New York University2, Stanford University3, University of Michigan4, George Washington University5, Indiana University6, University of Pittsburgh7, Queen's University8, North Shore-LIJ Health System9, Johns Hopkins University10, SUNY Downstate Medical Center11, University of Alabama at Birmingham12, University of Florida13, Harvard University14, Boston University15, Case Western Reserve University16, Washington University in St. Louis17, Menorah Medical Center18, Stony Brook University19, University of Kansas20
TL;DR: Variables from the medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and radiographs were used to develop sets of criteria that serve different investigative purposes and these proposed criteria utilize classification trees, or algorithms.
Abstract: For the purposes of classification, it should be specified whether osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is of unknown origin (idiopathic, primary) or is related to a known medical condition or event (secondary). Clinical criteria for the classification of idiopathic OA of the knee were developed through a multicenter study group. Comparison diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis and other painful conditions of the knee, exclusive of referred or para-articular pain. Variables from the medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and radiographs were used to develop sets of criteria that serve different investigative purposes. In contrast to prior criteria, these proposed criteria utilize classification trees, or algorithms.
6,160 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of the empirical literature on the role of depression and elation in biasing mnemonic processing finds two classes of effects—state dependence and mood congruence—are examined.
Abstract: This article provides a critical review of the empirical literature on the role of depression and elation in biasing mnemonic processing. Two classes of effects—state dependence and mood congruence—are examined. The latter, which involves the enhanced encoding and/or retrieval of material the affect
1,686 citations
TL;DR: Examining how optimists differ from pessimists in the kinds of coping strategies that they use revealed modest but reliable positive correlations between optimism and problem-focused coping, seeking of social support, and emphasizing positive aspects of the stressful situation.
Abstract: Previous research has shown that dispositional optimism is a prospective predictor of successful adaptation to stressful encounters. In this research we attempted to identify possible mechanisms underlying these effects by examining how optimists differ from pessimists in the kinds of coping strategies that they use. The results of two separate studies revealed modest but reliable positive correlations between optimism and problem-focused coping, seeking of social support, and emphasizing positive aspects of the stressful situation. Pessimism was associated with denial and distancing (Study 1), with focusing on stressful feelings, and with disengagement from the goal with which the stressor was interfering (Study 2). Study 1 also found a positive association between optimism and acceptance/resignation, but only when the event was construed as uncontrollable. Discussion centers on the implications of these findings for understanding the meaning of people's coping efforts in stressful circumstances.
1,222 citations
TL;DR: The suggestion that denaturation of intracellular proteins may be produced by the metabolic stresses and then signal the activation of the hsp genes was examined by co-injection of purified proteins and hSp genes into frog oocytes.
Abstract: Heat shock protein (hsp) genes, a group of ubiquitous genes, are activated by various metabolic stresses. The suggestion that denaturation of intracellular proteins may be produced by the metabolic stresses and then signal the activation of the hsp genes was examined by co-injection of purified proteins and hsp genes into frog oocytes. Activation of hsp genes was observed if the proteins were denatured prior to injection but not if they were introduced in their native form. Furthermore, the activation of hsp genes by abnormal proteins and by heat shock appears to occur by a common mechanism. A model for the transcriptional regulation of the genes is based on competition for degradation between abnormal intracellular proteins and a labile regulatory factor.
908 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that variation throughout the viral genome is extensive and that the envelope gene in particular is most highly variable, and changes were most prevalent within the extracellular region where clustered nucleotide substitutions and deletions/insertions were evident.
829 citations
TL;DR: 4 dose regimens of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), a thymidine analogue with potent anti-viral activity against HTLV-III in vitro, were examined in 19 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC).
750 citations
TL;DR: The repeated isolation from a given individual of only highly related viruses raises the possibility that some type of interference mechanism may prevent simultaneous infection by more than one major genotypic form of the virus.
Abstract: In a study of genetic variation in the AIDS virus, HTLV-III/LAV, sequential virus isolates from persistently infected individuals were examined by Southern blot genomic analysis, molecular cloning, and nucleotide sequencing. Four to six virus isolates were obtained from each of three individuals over a 1-year or 2-year period. Changes were detected throughout the viral genomes and consisted of isolated and clustered nucleotide point mutations as well as short deletions or insertions. Results from genomic restriction mapping and nucleotide sequence comparisons indicated that viruses isolated sequentially had evolved in parallel from a common progenitor virus. The rate of evolution of HTLV-III/LAV was estimated to be at least 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year for the env gene and 10(-4) for the gag gene, values a millionfold greater than for most DNA genomes. Despite this relatively rapid rate of sequence divergence, virus isolates from any one patient were all much more related to each other than to viruses from other individuals. In view of the substantial heterogeneity among most independent HTLV-III/LAV isolates, the repeated isolation from a given individual of only highly related viruses raises the possibility that some type of interference mechanism may prevent simultaneous infection by more than one major genotypic form of the virus.
570 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of data with natural concentrations in sea water implies that cadmium is not an important ecological factor in unpolluted waters but natural copper concentrations may inhibit the reproduction of some phytoplankton species, especially cyanobacteria, in upwelled sea water.
551 citations
TL;DR: Questions are raised as to the applicability of certain DSM‐III diagnoses in the chronic pain population as a result of the distribution of assigned diagnoses for the entire patient sample.
Abstract: Two hundred and eighty-three chronic pain patients, consecutive admissions to the Comprehensive Pain Center of the University of Miami School of Medicine, received an extensive psychiatric evaluation based upon the American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) criteria and flowsheets. All patients received the following type of diagnoses: DSM-III axis I; DSM-III axis II, and personality type. The distribution of assigned diagnoses for the entire patient sample was reviewed and a statistical comparison between male and female patients was performed with regards to the prevalence of each diagnosis. Anxiety syndromes and depression of various diagnostic types were the most frequently assigned axis I diagnoses with over half the patient sample receiving each of these diagnoses. Males were significantly overrepresented in the axis I diagnoses of intermittent explosive disorders, adjustment disorders with work inhibitions, and alcohol abuse and other drug dependence, while females were significantly overrepresented in disorders of current depression of various diagnostic types and somatization disorders. 58.4% of the patients fulfilled criteria for axis II personality disorder diagnoses. The most frequently personality disorders found in the patient group were dependent (17.4%), passive aggressive (14.9%), and histrionic (11.7%). Males were significantly overrepresented in paranoid and narcissistic disorders while females were overrepresented in histrionic disorder. The most frequent personality types found in the patient group were compulsive (24.5%) and dependent (10.6%). All personality types were similarly distributed between the sexes. The results of the present study were compared to a previous study of DSM-III diagnoses in chronic pain patients and are discussed in terms of the prevalence of DSM-III diagnoses in the general population. Questions are raised as to the applicability of certain DSM-III diagnoses in the chronic pain population.
546 citations
TL;DR: Single-channel currents from small conductance Ca-activated K+ channels (SK channels) are reported with the necessary properties to account for the afterhyperpolarization and are highly Ca-sensitive at the negative membrane potentials associated with the after hyperpolarized cells.
Abstract: Action potentials in many excitable cells are followed by a prolonged afterhyperpolarization that modulates repetitive firing. Although it is established that the afterhyperpolarization is produced by Ca-activated K+ currents, the basis of these currents is not known. The large conductance (250 pS) Ca-activated K+ channel (BK channel) is not a major contributor to the afterhyperpolarization in non-innervated skeletal muscle and some nerve cells, because apamin, a neurotoxic component of bee venom, abolishes the afterhyperpolarization but does not block BK channels, and 5 mM extracellular tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) blocks BK channels but does not reduce the afterhyperpolarization. We now report single-channel currents from small conductance (10-14 pS) Ca-activated K+ channels (SK channels) with the necessary properties to account for the afterhyperpolarization. SK channels are blocked by apamin but not by 5 mM external TEA (TEAo). They are also highly Ca-sensitive at the negative membrane potentials associated with the afterhyperpolarization.
517 citations
TL;DR: The flow‐independent (intrinsic) tensile modulus of the extracellular matrix of human knee joint cartilage has been measured for normal, fibrillated, and osteoarthritic (removed from total knee joint replacements) cartilage and correlates strongly with the collagen/proteoglycan ratio.
TL;DR: This report presents the reproductive patterns of eleven Caribbean coral species and attempts to explain the adaptive features and selective pressures that have led to the evolution of the four reproductive patterns described to date: (a) hermaphroditic broadcasters; (b) gonochoric broadcasters;
Abstract: The last decade has seen a resurgence of interest in the processes of sexual reproduction by scleractinian reef corals. Earlier investigations had focused fortuitously on brooding (planulating) species, which resulted in the general misconception that brooding was the main form of larval development of reef corals. More recent work on Indo-Pacific species has shown broadcast spawning and short annual reproductive periods to predominate. This report presents the reproductive patterns of eleven Caribbean coral species and attempts to explain the adaptive features and selective pressures that have led to the evolution of the four reproductive patterns described to date: (a) hermaphroditic broadcasters; (b) gonochoric broadcasters; (c) hermaphroditic broadcasters; (b) gonochoric brooders. Both (a) and (b) correlate with large colony size and short annual spawning periods; and (c) and (d) correlate with small colony size, multiple planulating cycles per year, and occupation of unstable habitats. Selection for outcrossing between long-lived individuals is proposed as the reason for gonochorism and for synchronous spawning of hermaphroditic broadcasters, and also for the large amount of sperm produced by hermaphroditic brooders. Selection for high rates of local recruitment is proposed as the force behind the evolution of brooding by species inhabiting unstable habitats and suffering high rates of adult mortality.
TL;DR: This article showed that spring-summer dust concentrations at Barbados (13° 10′N, 50°30′ W) are correlated to rainfall deficits in the sub-Sahara.
Abstract: A large area of North Africa has been affected by a drought which began in the late 1960s and which has resulted in widespread crop failures, starvation and death. At the same time, there has been a great increase in the concentration of mineral aerosol in the trade winds over the western North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean, especially in the early 1970s and again in the early 1980s, when the drought was most severe. Concentrations in 1983 and 1984 were unprecedented and exceeded pre-drought means by a factor of four. Here we show that spring–summer dust concentrations at Barbados (13° 10′N, 50°30′ W) are correlated to rainfall deficits in the sub-Sahara. Winter dust concentrations, which are normally at a seasonal low, also increased during the drought; concentrations in 1982–1983 were ten times greater than predrought values, and appeared to be related to large-scale circulation changes associated with El Ni˜o rather than to the drought itself.
TL;DR: Novel strains of aerobic nitrogen-fixing, unicellular marine cyanobacteria, Synechococcus spp.
Abstract: Among nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are unique in their ability to carry out oxygen-evolving photosynthesis and oxygen-labile nitrogen fixation within the same organisms1–3. These seemingly incompatible reactions take place in heterocystous cyanobacteria by the spatial separation of the site of nitrogen fixation (heterocysts) from the site of photosynthesis (vegetative cells)4,5. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these mechanisms in non-heterocystous cyanobacteria3,6–11. Using batch cultures of Gloeothece (Gloeocapsa) spp., Gallon and collaborators demonstrated the mechanism of temporal separation of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation into the light and dark periods of growth, respectively9. However, the mechanisms by which these two incompatible reactions can occur under continuous light conditions still remained ambiguous. Using novel strains of aerobic nitrogen-fixing, unicellular marine cyanobacteria, Synechococcus spp., grown under synchronized conditions, we report here that nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis occur at different phases in the cell division cycle. Our data, obtained under both diurnal light/dark cycle and continuous illumination, indicate that the temporal separation of the two phases during the cell division cycle is the mechanism by which these unicells can grow photoautotrophically under nitrogen-fixing conditions.
TL;DR: Findings in experimental animals indicate that nerve growth factor (NGF), a well‐characterized protein, acts as a neurotrophic factor for cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and suggest that increasing the availability of NGF to human cholineric cells might promote their survival in certain disease processes.
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is associated with a pronounced loss of the cholinergic neurons that form the ascending cholinergic projections of the basal forebrain. Even though the disease is also characterized by changes in other neuronal systems and by a high frequency of neuronal plaques and tangles, the cholinergic deficit seems to be a principal element responsible for the memory loss typical of Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes findings in experimental animals which indicate that nerve growth factor (NGF), a well-characterized protein, acts as a neurotrophic factor for cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. NGF is present in the target areas of these cholinergic neurons and affects their survival, fiber growth, and expression of transmitter-specific enzymes. Furthermore, NGF is able to prevent the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in adult rats with experimental lesions mimicking the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that increasing the availability of NGF to human cholinergic cells might promote their survival in certain disease processes. Additional steps are discussed for establishing the possible involvement of NGF in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and the development of an effective therapy.
TL;DR: It is shown that the growth inhibition of various chemically and virally transformed cell types in culture is inhibited when they are in contact with normal cell types, and that the cell-to-cell membrane channels of gap junctions are the likely conduits of the signals for this growth control.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that M1 muscarine receptors are involved in the presumptive postsynaptic actions of acetylcholine in many forebrain structures and that the M2 receptor may serve as a marker for cholinergic pathways.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the exploratory phase of a research project on prefunding factors influencing the success of high-technology start-up companies and reveal discernible differences between successful and unsuccessful firms, such as track records, characteristics of the founding team, the nature of the target market, the technological strategy of the firm, the proposed composition of the board, and the deal structure.
TL;DR: The data indicate that postsynaptic nicotine receptors are spared in the frontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease, and significant numbers of receptors remain despite the severe reduction in choline acetyltransferase activity.
Abstract: Putative nicotine receptors in the human cerebral cortex were characterized with L-[3H]nicotine, L-[3H]Nicotine binding was enhanced by the addition of Ca2+ and abolished in the presence of Na3EDTA. Association and dissociation of the ligand were rapid at 25 degrees C with t1/2 values of 2 and 3 min, respectively. Saturation binding analysis revealed an apparent single class of sites with a dissociation constant of 5.6 nM and a Hill coefficient of 1.05. There was no effect of postmortem interval on the density of binding sites assayed up to 24 h in rat frontoparietal cortex. Nicotine binding in human cortical samples was also unaltered by increasing sampling delay. In human cortical membranes, binding site density decreased with normal aging. Receptor affinity and concentration in samples of frontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) from patients with Alzheimer's disease were comparable to age-matched control values. Samples of infratemporal cortex (Brodmann area 38) from patients with Alzheimer's disease had a 50% reduction in the number of L-[3H]nicotine sites. Choline acetyltransferase activity was significantly decreased in both cortical areas. Enzyme activities in the temporal pole were reduced to 20% of control values. These data indicate that postsynaptic nicotine receptors are spared in the frontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. In the infratemporal cortex, significant numbers of receptors remain despite the severe reduction in choline acetyltransferase activity. Replacement therapy directed at these sites may be warranted in Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculate the following properties over the range of 0-0.6 salinity, 0/sup 0/-30/sub 0/C, and 0-180 bars: density, thermal expansibility, temperature of maximum density, maximum density and minimum specific volume, isothermal compressibility, specific heat at constant pressure, and sound speed.
Abstract: Dissolved salts affect the thermodynamic properties of lake waters. Equations are given to calculate the following properties over the range of 0-0.6 salinity, 0/sup 0/-30/sup 0/C, and 0-180 bars: density, thermal expansibility, temperature of maximum density, maximum density and minimum specific volume, isothermal compressibility, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat at constant volume, sound speed, adiabatic compressibility, freezing point, adiabatic temperature gradient, and static stability.
TL;DR: Results suggest that NGF acts as a trophic factor for cholinergic neurons in the human brain in a similar way as has been established in recent years for the rat brain.
TL;DR: Seventy-five percent of eyes were culture positive with a microbiologic spectrum similar to other reported series without lens implants, and visual acuity of 20/400 or better was achieved in 63% of culture positive cases, in 78% of eyes infected with S. epidermidis, and in 94% ofculture negative eyes.
TL;DR: The etiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is reviewed, particularly one of several current concepts concerning the possible central mechanisms regulating degradation of cartilage, which involves diffuse or focal exposure of the extracellular matrix to active neutral metalloproteinases.
TL;DR: A computerized perimeter is modified to perform automated light- and dark-adapted static perimetry across the visual field of RP patients to permit assessment of the level of visual disability in the light and dark and also help define subtypes of RP.
TL;DR: In this article, the Pitzer parameters for the interaction of the major cations (Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) with HS− have been determined to allow one to calculate values of pK1∗ in various ionic media.
TL;DR: It is concluded that varicella zoster virus retinal infection is a cause of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome.
TL;DR: Field evidence has demonstrated that free-ranging females of the bicolor damselfish, Pomacentrus partitus Poey, use the courtship sounds of conspecific males to locate male nest sites during the spawning period.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the emf measurements for the TRIS buffer in seawater to define buffer solutions that can be used to determine the pH on a free or total proton scale for estuarine waters.
Abstract: The emf measurements for the TRIS buffer in seawater have been used to define buffer solutions that can be used to determine the pH on a free or total proton scale for estuarine waters. The pH is related to the stoichiometric dissociation constant (K*) of TRISH I-, the concentration of buffer (mTRrs) and salinity (5) by pH = pK* + (aS + bS2)mTRrs where a = -9.73 x 10e5 and b = 6.988 x 10-5. The values of pK* were fit to equations of the form pK*=AIT+B+ClogT where A, B, and C arc functions of salinity and T is the absolute temperature. An electrode system with liquid junction was used to measure these buffers to compare the various pH scales.
TL;DR: The data support the concept of a multifactorial etiology of ARM but suggest that generalized increased susceptibility of elastic fibers to photic or other degenerative stimuli is a new and important risk factor for choroidal neovascularization.
TL;DR: This analysis suggests that R. sylvatica of North America is more closely related to the R. temporaria group of Eurasia than to other North American Rana, and this demonstrates that restriction site mapping of rDNA arrays provides a useful molecular technique for the examination of historical evolutionary questions across considerable periods of time.
Abstract: Evolution of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays of frogs of the genus Rana was examined among 32 species that last shared a common ancestor approximately 50 million years ago. Extensive variation in restriction sites exists within the transcribed and nontranscribed rDNA spacer regions among the species, whereas rDNA coding regions exhibit comparatively little interspecific variation in restriction sites. The most parsimonious phylogenetic hypothesis for the evolution of the group was constructed based on variation in restriction sites and internal spacer lengths among the 32 species of Rana and one species of Pyxicephalus (examined for outgroup comparison). This analysis suggests that R. sylvatica of North America is more closely related to the R. temporaria group of Eurasia than to other North American Rana. The hypothesized phylogeny also supports the monophyly of the R. boylii group, the R. catesbeiana group, the R. palmipes group, the R. tarahumarae group, and the R. pipiens complex. Furthermore, the restriction site data provide information about the evolution within and among these species groups. This demonstrates that restriction site mapping of rDNA arrays provides a useful molecular technique for the examination of historical evolutionary questions across considerable periods of time.