Showing papers by "Utsunomiya University published in 1988"

Tectonics and hydrogeology of the northern Barbados Ridge: Results from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 110

Abstract: Drilling near the deformation front of the northern Barbados Ridge cored an accretionary prism consisting of imbricately thrusted Neogene hemipelagic sediments detached from little-deformed Oligocene to Campanian underthrust deposits by a decollement zone composed of lower Miocene to upper Oligocene, scaly radiolarian claystone. Biostrati-graphically defined age inversions define thrust faults in the accretionary prism that correlate between sites and are apparent on the seismic reflection sections. Two sites located 12 and 17 km west of the deformation front document continuing deformation of the accreted sediments during their uplift. Deformational features include both large- and small-scale folding and continued thrust faulting with the development of stratal disruption, cataclastic shear zones, and the proliferation of scaly fabrics. These features, resembling structures of accretionary complexes exposed on land, have developed in sediments never buried more than 400 m and retaining 40% to 50% porosity. A single oceanic reference site, located 6 km east of the deformation front, shows incipient deformation at the stratigraphic level of the decollement and pore-water chemistry anomalies both at the decollement level and in a subjacent permeable sand interval. Pore-water chemistry data from all sites define two fluid realms: one characterized by methane and chloride anomalies and located within and below the decollement zone and a second marked solely by chloride anomalies and occurring within the accretionary prism. The thermogenic methane in the decollement zone requires fluid transport many tens of kilometers arcward of the deformation front along the shallowly inclined decollement surface, with minimal leakage into the overlying accretionary prism. Chloride anomalies along faults and a permeable sand layer in the underthrust sequence may be caused by membrane filtration or smectite dewatering at depth. Low matrix permeability requires that fluid flow along faults occurs through fracture permeability. Temperature and geochemical data suggest that episodic fluid flow occurs along faults, probably as a result of deformational pumping.

The tree-to-tree editing problem

Abstract: This paper describes the computing alogrithms for the tree distance based on the structure preserving mapping. The distance is defined as the minimum sum of the weights of edit operations needed to transform tree Tα to tree Tβ under restriction of the structure preserving mapping. The edit operations allow substituting a vertex of a tree to another, deleting a vertex of a tree and inserting a vertex to a tree. Proposed algorithms determine the distance between Tα and Tβ in time O(NαNβLα) or O(NαNβLβ), and in space O(NαNβ), where Nα, Nβ, Lα and Lβ are the number of vertices of Tα, Tβ, the number of’ leaves of Tα and Tβ, respectively. The time complexity is close to the unapproachable lowest bound O(NαNβ). Improved algorithms are presented. This tree distance can be applied to any problems including pattern recognition, syntactic tree comparison and classification, and tree comparison whose structures are important in structure preserving mapping.

Acoustic Analysis of Pathological Voice: Some Results of Clinical Application

Abstract: Tape-recorded voices of 30 patients were acoustically analysed: 10 had glottic Tla carcinoma, 10 unilateral vocal fold polyp and 10 unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. The carcinoma cas...

Sulfur-K X-Ray Spectra and Electronic Structure of a Semiconductor Ag2S

Abstract: The Kβ emission and K-absorption spectra of sulfur in Ag2S are carefully measured and compared with the sulfur Kβ emission and K-absorption spectra of Cu1.8S reported previously. The spectra of Ag2S clearly show the existence of the energy gap in semiconducting Ag2S in contrast to the metallic phase Cu1.8S where the Kβ band edge overlaps with the K absorption edge. The sulfur-Kβ emission spectrum of Ag2S consists of two prominent peaks. The intensity of the high-energy peak is much greater than that of the low-energy peak, contrary to the sulfur-Kβ emission spectrum of Cu1.8S. It is suggested that the bottom of the conduction band of Ag2S arises mainly from the sulfur 4p states.

Hadronic interactions and primary-cosmic-ray composition at energies around 10(15)-10(16) eV derived from the analysis of high-energy gamma families.

Abstract: Gross features of gamma families observed at Mt. Kanbala (5500 m above sea level) and Mt. Fuji (3750 m) are summarized in comparison with a Monte Carlo simulation based on a plausible assumption about hadronic interactions and primary composition. Our analysis shows that the assumption of approximate Feynman scaling in the fragmentation region and a heavy-enriched primary composition in the energy range over 10/sup 15/ eV is wholly compatible with the experimental data. That is, there is no evidence of strong violation of Feynman scaling in the fragmentation region at least up to 10/sup 16/ eV. As to the primary cosmic rays, our data infer a steepening of proton spectrum at energies around 10/sup 14/ eV. The proton component in the primary cosmic rays is estimated to occupy 15--20 % of the total flux at 10/sup 15/ eV. Some other interesting implications on hadronic interactions are discussed with reference to the structures of gamma families.

Core-exciton absorption in the F K absorption spectra of 3d transition-metal fluorides

Abstract: Near-edge structure in the F K absorption spectra of 3d transition-metal fluorides, MnF/sub 2/, FeF/sub 2/, CoF/sub 2/, NiF/sub 2/, CuF/sub 2/, and ZnF/sub 2/, are measured. The shoulder structures or weak peaks located at the absorption threshold are observed. The origin of these peaks is attributed to the core-exciton absorption. This core-exciton absorption is accompanied by the transition from the 1s orbitals of fluorides to the 3d orbitals of the metal ion which hybridized with the anion 2p orbitals. Chemical shifts of the first peak are clearly observed and discussed in terms of the ionization potentials of the metal ions. It is found that the F K absorption spectra of the 3d transition-metal fluorides are quite similar to the Cl K absorption spectra of the 3d transition-metal chlorides.

Water resources development and management

Abstract: This paper examines the maximum available water resources in Japan, nationally and by region, and describes the present balance of demand and supply. The major existing mechanisms of water development and control ‐ dam construction and pricing structures ‐ are reviewed. Finally a classification of various stages of water resource and irrigation development is presented. These stages are identified as reliance on natural river discharge, the construction of reservoirs, restrictions on water use, inter‐basin planning, and the construction of reservoirs for perennial water regulation.

Properties of hadron families observed with thick-type emulsion chambers at Mts. Kanbala and Fuji and search for Centauro events.

Abstract: The properties of hadrons and gamma rays in the families observed with the thick-type emulsion chambers at Mt. Kanbala (5500 m above sea level) and Mt. Fuji (3750 m) are presented. The results from both experiments agree well with each other. The correlations were systematically examined between gamma rays and hadrons in the families, and their behavior appears to be almost consistent with a Monte Carlo simulation made on the assumption of the model of hadronic interactions which are scaled smoothly up to about 10/sup 16/ eV in energy from the accelerator data. A search for Centauro candidates has been specially made in the family data obtained both at Mts. Kanbala and Fuji, with negative results. The upper limit of the fraction of such events is estimated to be 3% (95% confidence level) in the hadron families with energy greater than 100 TeV for each experiment. Other interesting results are also discussed on the structure of hadron families.

Effects of zinc on metal metabolism of the zinc tolerant chlorotic mutant of Euglena gracilis Z

Abstract: Etude comparative chez une souche mutante tolerante et une souche sauvage des effets des concentrations en zinc du milieu sur les teneurs en zinc, fer, magnesium, potassium des cellules

Search for TeV gamma rays from SN 1987A during December 1987 and January 1988.

Abstract: Very-high-energy ..gamma.. rays emitted by the supernova 1987A were searched for at the Black Birch Range in New Zealand during December 1987 and January 1988. Data obtained in 42 hours of observation time give an upper bound on the flux at the 95% confidence level of 6.1 x 10/sup -12/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/ for ..gamma.. rays with energies above 3 TeV. Data obtained on 14 and 15 January are found to have excess counts, above the background level, corresponding to a flux of (1.9 +- 0.5) x 10/sup -11/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/ and a total energy of approx.10/sup 43/ ergs.

High speed string edit methods using hierarchical files and hashing technique

Abstract: Two dictionary-based methods for correction of strings with errors are proposed. The first method uses a hierarchical file based on two kinds of class name expression. The second method applies a hashing technique to methods already proposed. The correction rates of the two methods are the same. An experiment using 3782 words of length 6 characters shows that the computing time of the second method is 0.8% of that of the weighted Levenshtein distance method in the case of a substitution recovery. >

A unified view on tree metrics

Abstract: A considerable amount of work has been done on sequence comparison for problems such as string correction, molecular biology, human speech, codes and error control, and so on[l]. Tree metrics have been also studied[3-14 ]. Potential applications of tree metric include the areas of behavioral science[3], data base[5], clustering[7], waveform correlation[9], and so on. Among various tree metrics, Tai’s metric[6] seems to be the most fundamental one. Selkow’s metric[4] is a strictly restricted Tai’s metric. Between these two metrics, several metrics have been defined[10-12]. However, the interrelation between these metrics is not known clearly. In this paper, by introducing a concept “the nearest ancestor determined by a mapping”, we give a unified point of view for tree metrics. Furthermore, we propose a new similarity between two trees.

Comparison of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Isolates by Double-Stranded RNA Analysis

Abstract: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), the type member of the cucumovirus group, contains four positive sense single-stranded(ss) RNA species designated RNA1-4. CMV has a very broad host range and is one of the most widespread and economically important viruses. Numerous isolates (strains) of CMV have been reported on the basis of host range and symptoms1), but it is difficult to classify and identify genuine differences among them. Replicative form double stranded RNAs (RF-dsRNAs), that are twice the size of viral genomic ssRNA have been isolated from plants infected with RNA viruses2). Analytical results of the dsRNA species have been used for diagnosis as well as for virus classification3-6). This report deals with the comparison of the CMV isolates by dsRNA analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method in such identification, and suggests that the individual isolates may be distinguished by this means. Six CMV isolates were isolated from naturally infected plants collected in Tochigi, Ibaraki, and Shizuoka prefectures and designated PU, TU, KU, IU, EU and SU, respectively, for this study (Table 1). All isolates were propagated in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi. DsRNAs were extracted from plants infected by the six isolates as described by Dodds and Bar-Joseph (1983)3). Frozen leaf tissue (5g) which had been stored at -80C was ground with a mortar and pestle to a fine powder and homogenized with 10ml of 2•~STE buffer (1/STE= 0.1M NaCl, 0.05M Tris-HCl, 1mM EDTA, pH7.0) containing 1% SDS, 0.1ml of 2-mercapto ethanol, 10ml of 80% phenol containing 0.1% 8-hydroxyquinoline, 10ml of chloroform and 0.4ml of pentanol. After the mixture was centrifuged at 8,000•~g for 10min, ethanol was added to a final concentration of 15%. Following a second centrifugation, 1.2g of CF-11 cellulose

MT-5950, a new anilide herbicide, inhibits PSII at a site that slightly overlaps the triazine binding site

Abstract: The new selective acylanilide herbicide, MT-5950 [N-(3-chloro-4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpentanamide], was found to be a potent inhibitor of photosystem II (PS II) in photosynthesis. It was not as effective as atrazine in increasing variable fluorescence of wheat leaves dipped in herbicide solutions. However, in assays in which absorption across the leaf cuticle did not play a role, MT-5950 was about 10-fold more effective than atrazine in inhibiting the PSII activity of all the species tested. For example, the I50 values of MT-5950 and atrazine for inhibiting linear electron transport in broken chloroplasts of spinach were 0.08 and 0.8 μM, respectively. Atrazineresistant biotypes of Brassica napus and Solanum nigrum were about 10-fold and < 2-fold less susceptible, respectively, to MT-5950 than were susceptible biotypes of the same species as measured by DCPIP photoreduction and CO2-dependent oxygen evolution. However, MT-5950 was equally as effective as atrazine in competing for 14C-labeled atrazine from thylakoid proteins. We conclude that MT-5950 inhibits PS II by binding the quinone-binding 32 kD protein at a site that overlaps the binding site of atrazine, but does not significantly overlap that portion of the atrazine binding site that, when modified, confers atrazine resistance.

Silver-banded karyotypes of the rainbow trout and the brook trout and their hybrids: disappearance in allotriploids of Ag-NORs originated from the brook trout.

Abstract: Silver-banded karyotypes of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, the brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and their hybrids were described. Diploid-type and triploid-type hybrids were obtained. Triploid-type hybrids had two maternal genomes of the rainbow trout and one paternal genome of the brook trout. The rainbow trout had one pair of M or SM with Ag-NORs near the satellite. In the brook trout, Ag-NORs were observed in four pairs of chromosomes, but each cell had different number of chromosomes with Ag-NORs. In all observed cells of triploid-type hybrids, Ag-NORs originated from the brook trout were not recognized, whereas those from the rainbow trout were found.

Sign structures of 3 × 3 stable matrices and their generalization to higher-order matrices

Abstract: A matrix A is called stable if all its characteristic roots have negative real parts. This paper discusses the stability of sign matrices (matrices for which only the sign of the elements is given) and presents some basic sign patterns of stable matrices. The stability of a matrix and the stability of a system whose interaction matrix coincides with the matrix are related closely and thus the sign pattern consideration is a useful method to study the internal structures of stable systems. We discuss the potential stability (the property that there exists a stable matrix with the sign pattern) and the sign instability (the property that there are no stable matrices with the sign pattern) of sign matrices. A signed digraph is defined for each sign matrix and the connection between its structure and the matrix stability is discussed. Methods to check potential stability and sign instability of sign matrices are given. Through the computer stability check of all 3x3 matrices, the relationships between graph structure and matrix stability are clarified and seven basic sign structures of 3x3 stable matrices are obtained. Finally, based upon these seven basic structures, potentially stable structures of higher-order matrices are considered. Some stable sign patterns of nxn matrices together with their stability proofs are given.

Improved analysis for the coupling characteristics of two rectangular dielectric waveguides laid in different layers

Abstract: A coupled-mode theory proposed by A. Hardy and W. Streifer (J. Lightwave Technol., vol.3, p.1135-46, 1985) and step-like approximation are used in this analysis. Comparison between the present result and the previous one indicates that the present approach is more useful, especially in case of strong coupling. >