Showing papers by "Wayne State University published in 1996"
TL;DR: In this paper, a redundant internal coordinate system for molecular geometries is constructed from all bonds, all valence angles between bonded atoms, and all dihedral angles between pairs of atoms.
Abstract: A redundant internal coordinate system for optimizing molecular geometries is constructed from all bonds, all valence angles between bonded atoms, and all dihedral angles between bonded atoms. Redundancies are removed by using the generalized inverse of the G matrix; constraints can be added by using an appropriate projector. For minimizations, redundant internal coordinates provide substantial improvements in optimization efficiency over Cartesian and nonredundant internal coordinates, especially for flexible and polycyclic systems. Transition structure searches are also improved when redundant coordinates are used and when the initial steps are guided by the quadratic synchronous transit approach. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2,577 citations
TL;DR: Intraperitoneal cisplatin significantly improves survival and has significantly fewer toxic effects in patients with stage III ovarian cancer and residual tumor masses of 2 cm or less.
Abstract: Background Intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard primary therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. We conducted a phase 3 trial to compare the effects of intraperitoneal and intravenous cisplatin on the survival of women with previously untreated, stage III, epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods The patients underwent an initial exploratory laparotomy and resection of all tumor masses larger than 2 cm. Within four weeks after surgery, six courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (600 mg per square meter of body-surface area per course) plus either intraperitoneal cisplatin (100 mg per square meter) or intravenous cisplatin (100 mg per square meter) were administered at three-week intervals. Results Of 654 randomized patients, 546 were eligible for the study. The estimated median survival was significantly longer in the group receiving intraperitoneal cisplatin (49 months; 95 percent confidence interval, 42 to 56) than in the group receiving intravenous cisplatin (41 months; 95 percent confidence ...
1,154 citations
TL;DR: Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls was associated with lower full-scale and verbal IQ scores and the strongest effects related to memory and attention, suggesting that the developing fetal brain is particularly sensitive to these compounds.
Abstract: Background In utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, has been linked to adverse effects on neurologic and intellectual function in infants and young children. We assessed whether these effects persist through school age and examined their importance in the acquisition of reading and arithmetic skills. Methods We tested 212 children, recruited as newborns to overrepresent infants born to women who had eaten Lake Michigan fish contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. A battery of IQ and achievement tests was administered when the children were 11 years of age. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal serum and milk at delivery were slightly higher than in the general population. A composite measure of prenatal exposure was derived from concentrations in umbilical-cord serum and maternal serum and milk. Results Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls was associated with lower full-scale and verbal IQ scores after control for potential co...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: Low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin in this regimen is insufficient for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular AF at high-risk for thromboembolism; adjusted-doseWarfarin (target INR 2.0-3.0) importantly reduces stroke for high- risk patients.
1,028 citations
TL;DR: This article conducted double-anonymous dictator experiments to explore the role of altruism in motivating subjects' behavior and concluded that subjects are rational in the way they incorporate fairness into their decisions.
850 citations
TL;DR: Improved parameters were derived for the prediction of oligonucleotides dissolved in 1 M NaC1 to suggest that both sequence and base composition are important determinants of DNA duplex stability.
Abstract: Thermodynamic data were determined from UV absorbance vs temperature profiles of 23 oligonucleotides. These data were combined with data from the literature for 21 sequences to derive improved parameters for the 10 Watson−Crick nearest neighbors. The observed trend in nearest-neighbor stabilities at 37 °C is GC > CG > GG > GA ≈ GT ≈ CA > CT > AA > AT > TA (where only the top strand is shown for each nearest neighbor). This trend suggests that both sequence and base composition are important determinants of DNA duplex stability. On average, the improved parameters predict ΔG°37, ΔH°, ΔS°, and TM within 4%, 7%, 8%, and 2 °C, respectively. The parameters are optimized for the prediction of oligonucleotides dissolved in 1 M NaCl.
843 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a strong positive relation between the percentage of outside directors and the frequency of outside CEO succession was found, and the likelihood that an executive from outside the firm is appointed CEO increases monotonically with the percentage outside directors.
Abstract: This paper documents a strong positive relation between the percentage of outside directors and the frequency of outside CEO succession. The likelihood that an executive from outside the firm is appointed CEO increases monotonically with the percentage of outside directors. This monotonic relation is observed for both voluntary and forced departures. Evidence from stock returns around succession announcements indicates that, on average, shareholders benefit from outside appointments, but are harmed when an insider replaces a fired CEO.
679 citations
TL;DR: It is likely that the water-soluble Aβ peptides the authors quantified are precursors to its insoluble, filamentous form, and reducing the levels of soluble Aβ in AD brains could have profound effects on AD pathophysiology.
669 citations
TL;DR: The common 5A/6A polymorphism of the human stromelysin-1 promoter appears to play an important role in regulating stromeolysin-1 gene expression and may be involved in the progression of coronary heart disease.
499 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of alcohol and dating risk factors for sexual assault among a representative sample of female students at a large urban university was examined and it was found that over half of the 1,160 women had experienced some form of sexual assault.
Abstract: American societal norms frequently link alcohol, dating, and sexuality. This cross-sectional study examined the role of alcohol and dating risk factors for sexual assault among a representative sample of female students at a large urban university. Over half of the 1,160 women had experienced some form of sexual assault. Ninety-five percent of these assaults were committed by someone the woman knew and almost half of these assaults involved alcohol consumption by either the man, the woman, or both. Discriminant function analyses indicated that dating, sexual, and misperception experiences and alcohol consumption during these experiences predicted assault group status. Furthermore, alcohol consumption during consensual sex and sexual misperceptions were positively related to alcohol consumption during the sexual assault. The predictors of assault group status were similar for African American and Caucasian women. Theoretical implications are discussed and suggestions are made for combining alcohol and sexu...
455 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the intertemporal relation between stock indices and exchange rates for a sample of eight advanced economies was examined using an error correction model (ECM) to simultaneously estimate the short-run and long-run dynamics of the variables.
Abstract: In this study we apply recent advances in time-series analysis to examine the intertemporal relation between stock indices and exchange rates for a sample of eight advanced economies. An error correction model (ECM) of the two variables is employed to simultaneously estimate the short-run and long-run dynamics of the variables. The ECM results reveal significant short-run and long-run feedback relations between the two financial markets. Specifically, the results show that an increase in aggregate domestic stock price has a negative short-run effect on domestic currency value. In the long run, however, increases in stock prices have a positive effect on domestic currency value. On the other hand, currency depreciation has a negative short-run and long-run effect on the stock market.
TL;DR: Treatment of patients after myomectomy with Seprafilm significantly reduced the incidence, severity, extent, and area of postoperative uterine adhesions and was not associated with an increase in postoperative complications.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Quantitative CGH analysis on DNA from these tissues showed chromosomal alterations that were very similar to those found in group I, suggesting that untreated metastatic tumors contain the bulk of chromosomal alteration necessary for recurrence to occur during androgen deprivation.
Abstract: A newly developed method of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) employing quantitative statistical comparisons was applied to DNA from two different types of advanced prostate cancer tissue. Multiple CGH analyses were obtained for each chromosome in each tumor, and the results of point-by-point comparison of the mean tumor:normal color ratio to a control normal:normal color ratio in each of 1247 evenly distributed data channels constituting the entire human genome were interpreted as loss, gain, or no change in copy number in the tumor genome. Group I tissue was obtained from prostate cancer metastases from 20 patients, 19 of whom had received no prior prostate cancer treatment. This DNA also was analyzed by Southern and microsatellite allelotyping at 53 different loci on 20 different chromosome arms. CGH results agreed with allelotyping results at 92% of the informative loci studied. These samples, which contained highly enriched tumor DNA, showed the highest rates of alteration yet reported in several chromosomal regions known to be altered frequently in prostate cancer: 8q gain (85%), 8p loss (80%), 13q loss (75%), 16q loss (55%), 17p loss (50%), and 10q loss (50%). Group II tissue was obtained predominately from primary or recurrent tumor from 11 patients who had been treated with long-term androgen-deprivation therapy and developed androgen-independent metastatic disease. Quantitative CGH analysis on DNA from these tissues showed chromosomal alterations that were very similar to those found in group I, suggesting that untreated metastatic tumors contain the bulk of chromosomal alterations necessary for recurrence to occur during androgen deprivation. In the entire data set, a number of previously undetected regions of frequent loss or gain were identified, including losses of chromosomes 2q (42%), 5q (39%), 6q (39%), and 15q (39%) and gains of chromosomes 11p (52%), 1q (52%), 3q (52%), and 2p (45%). x 2 analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of gain of the 4q25–q28 region in tumors from African-American patients, indicating a possible oncogene whose activation may play a role in the higher rate of progression seen in this ethnic group. Additional study of these frequently altered regions may provide insight into the mechanism of prostate cancer progression and lead to important tools for tumor-specific prognosis and therapy.
TL;DR: Voucher-based reinforcement contingencies can produce sustained cocaine abstinence in injecting polydrug abusers and the overall treatment quality significantly higher than controls.
Abstract: Background: Chronic cocaine abuse remains a serious and costly public health problem. This study assessed the effectiveness of a voucher-based reinforcement contingency in producing sustained cocaine abstinence. Methods: A randomized controlled trial compared voucherbased reinforcement of cocaine abstinence to noncontingent voucher presentation. Patients were selected from 52 consecutively admitted injecting heroin abusers in a methadone maintenance treatment program. Patients with heavy cocaine use during baseline period (N=37) participated. Except where otherwise indicated, the term cocaine abuse is used in this article in a generic sense and not according to the DSM-III-R definition. Patients exposed to abstinence reinforcement received a voucher for each cocaine-free urine sample (ie, negative for benzoylecgonine) provided three times per week throughout a 12-week period; the vouchers had monetary values that increased as the number of consecutive cocaine-free urine samples increased. Control patients received noncontingent vouchers that were matched in pattern and amount to the vouchers received by patients in the abstinence reinforcement group. Results: Patients receiving vouchers for cocaine-free urine samples achieved significantly more weeks of cocaine abstinence ( P =.007) and significantly longer durations of sustained cocaine abstinence ( P =.001) than controls. Nine patients (47%) receiving vouchers for cocaine-free urine samples achieved between 7 and 12 weeks of sustained cocaine abstinence; only one control patient (6%) achieved more than 2 weeks of sustained abstinence. Among patients receiving vouchers for cocaine-free urine samples, those who achieved sustained abstinence (≥5 weeks) had significantly lower concentrations of benzoylecgonine in baseline urine samples than those who did not achieve sustained abstinence ( P ≤.01). Patients receiving voucher reinforcement rated the overall treatment quality significantly higher than controls ( P =.002). Conclusion: Voucher-based reinforcement contingencies can produce sustained cocaine abstinence in injecting polydrug abusers.
TL;DR: Findings provide evidence for the age- and sex-specific use of strategies of coping and defense, suggesting that men and women may face different developmental tasks in the process toward maturity in adulthood.
Abstract: Age and sex differences in the use of coping and defense strategies were examined in life-span sample of 381 individuals. Participants responded to 2 self-report measures assessing mechanisms of coping and defense and measures assessing their level of cognitive complexity. Older adults used a combination of coping and defense strategies indicative of greater impulse control and the tendency to positively appraise conflict situations. Adolescents and younger adults used strategies that were outwardly aggressive and psychologically undifferentiated, indicating lower levels of impulse control and self-awareness. Women used more internalizing defenses than men and used coping strategies that flexibly integrated intra-and interpersonal aspects of conflict situations. Taken together, findings provide evidence for the age- and sex-specific use of strategies of coping and defense, suggesting that men and women may face different developmental tasks in the process toward maturity in adulthood.
TL;DR: Colocalization of two growth factors in the same cells of ocular neovascular membranes suggests that more than one growth factor may contribute to pathologic angiogenesis and suggests that hypoxia may be an etiologic factor for choroidal as well as for retinal neov vascularization.
TL;DR: It is reported that the AA LOX pathway also functions as a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis, and is suggested to play an important physiological role in regulating apoptosis.
Abstract: Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites derived from both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways transduce a variety of signals related to cell growth. Here, we report that the AA LOX pathway also functions as a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Rat Walker 256 (W256) carcinosarcoma cells express 12-LOX and synthesize 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids as their major LOX metabolites. W256 cells transfected with 12-LOX-specific antisense oligonucleotide or antisense oligonucleotides directed to conserved regions of LOXs underwent time- and dose-dependent apoptosis. Likewise, treatment of W256 cells with various LOX but not COX inhibitors induced apoptotic cell death, which could be partially inhibited by exogenous 12(S)- or 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The W256 cell apoptosis induced by antisense oligos and LOX inhibitors was followed by a rapid downregulation of bcl-2 protein, a dramatic decrease in the bcl-2/bax ratio, and could be suppressed by bcl-2 overexpression. In contrast, p53, which is wild type in W256 cells, did not undergo alterations during apoptosis induction. The results suggest that the LOX pathway plays an important physiological role in regulating apoptosis.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ibutilide is able to rapidly terminate atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter and was associated with a shorter duration of atrial arrhythmia.
TL;DR: Despite the extensive evidence implicating the depletion and/or oxidation of glutathione in a wide variety of human and experimental toxicities, critical examination of such studies frequently reveals that injury is not simply related to glutATHione status.
TL;DR: There is little support for the hypothesis that alexithymia leads to chronic organic disease, especially when one distinguishes organic disease from illness behavior, but there is little evidence that sociocultural or biological factors lead to both alexITHymia and physical illness.
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized differentiation theory for nonsmooth functions and sets with nonconvex boundaries defined in Asplund spaces is developed. But the analysis is restricted to the case of sets with nonsmooted boundaries.
Abstract: We develop a generalized differentiation theory for nonsmooth functions and sets with nonsmooth boundaries defined in Asplund spaces. This broad subclass of Banach spaces provides a convenient framework for many important applications to optimization, sensitivity, variational inequalities, etc. Our basic normal and subdifferential constructions are related to sequential weak-star limits of Frechet normals and subdifferentials. Using a variational approach, we establish a rich calculus for these nonconvex limiting objects which turn out to be minimal among other set-valued di erential constructions with natural properties. The results obtained provide new developments in infinite dimensional nonsmooth analysis and have useful applications to optimization and the geometry of Banach spaces.
TL;DR: This report provides results of an analysis of temporal trends in childhood cancer incidence in the U.S., stratified by age, sex, and to a lessor extent, race, within common histologic subtypes.
Abstract: BACKGROUND. This report provides results of an analysis of temporal trends in childhood cancer incidence in the U.S., stratified by age, sex, and to a lessor extent, race, within common histologic subtypes. METHODS. Population-based data from nine registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute were analyzed. The analysis was limited to children age 5 14 years. Cancer cases were restricted to those patients with a malignant neoplasm diagnosed between 1974 and 1991; more than 12,000 children were included. Average annual percentage change in incidence rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated from the maximum likelihood method of Poisson regression. RESULTS. Among children age 5 14 years there was a 1% average yearly increase (95% CI 0.6, 1.3) in the incidence rates of all malignant neoplasms combined. The average annual percentage change was similar for males and females, and slightly higher for black children compared with white children. Rates increased an average of 2% or more per year for astroglial tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, germ cell tumors, and osteosarcomas. The average annual percentage change for acute lymphoid leukemia was 1.6% and trends were somewhat stronger for blacks than whites. Cancer trends, in general, were strongest in young children. In particular, increases in astroglial tumors and rhabdomyosarcomas were most apparent among children age < 3 years, and for retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma among children in their first year of life. The average annual percentage change for acute lymphoid leukemia did not vary dramatically with age, however children age i 2 years had stronger trends compared with older children. We found little evidence for increasing trends in Wilms' tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, or hematopoietic neoplasms other than acute lymphoid leukemia. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that cancer occurrence among children within specific histologies increased modestly in the US. between 1974 and 1991, and that the increases were most apparent among young children. Cancer 1996; 78:532-41. 0 1996 American Cancer Society.
TL;DR: The data demonstrate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care in the reduction of hyperglycemia associated with NIDDM in a group of urban African-American patients.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical care model on the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in urban African-American patients.DESIGN:Eligible patients were randomized to either a pharmacist intervention or control group and followed over a 4-month period. Patients in the intervention group received diabetes education, medication counseling, instructions on dietary regulation, exercise, and home blood glucose monitoring, and evaluation and adjustment of their hypoglycemic regimen. Patients in the control group continued to receive standard medical care provided by their physicians.SETTING:A university-affiliated internal medicine outpatient clinic.PARTICIPANTS:The study population consisted of urban African-American patients with NIDDM currently attending the clinic.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Primary outcome measures included fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations. Secondary outcome endpoints included blood pressure, serum creatinine, creatin...
TL;DR: Whether the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is retained from childhood into adulthood is assessed and the rate of ADHD in a given age group appears to decline by 50% approximately every 5 years.
Abstract: Objective : This study was undertaken to assess whether the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is retained from childhood into adulthood. Method : A search of the literature yielded nine prospective studies in which cohorts of children with the disorder were formed and then reexamined 4-16 years later to determine the level of retained ADHD. The resulting data were subjected to nonlinear regression analysis to ascertain the relationship with chronological age. Results : The data followed an exponential decline over time to a high degree of accuracy. Conclusions : The rate of ADHD in a given age group appears to decline by 50% approximately every 5 years. If a prevalence of ADHD in childhood of 4% is assumed and the exponential decline extrapolated the estimated rate of adult ADHD ranges from about 0.8% at age 20 to 0.05% at age 40.
TL;DR: The successful treatment of a fetus with the X-linked variant of severe combined immunodeficiency by the in utero transplantation of paternal bone marrow that was enriched with hematopoietic cell progenitors is reported.
Abstract: Severe combined immunodeficiency is a congenital syndrome due to various genetic abnormalities that cause susceptibility to infection, failure to thrive, lymphoid hypoplasia, very low levels of T lymphocytes, and hypogammaglobulinemia.1,2 Untreated, the disorder is usually fatal within the first year of life. We report the successful treatment of a fetus with the X-linked variant of severe combined immunodeficiency by the in utero transplantation of paternal bone marrow that was enriched with hematopoietic cell progenitors. Case Report The patient, 11 months old at this writing, is the second son of a 28-year-old woman known to carry a mutation found in . . .
TL;DR: The results of both clinical studies and studies in an animal model of experimental vaginitis suggest that systemic CMI may not be the predominant host defense mechanism against C. albicans vaginal infections, and locally acquired mucosal immunity is under consideration as an important host defense at the vaginal mucosa.
Abstract: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a prevalent opportunistic mucosal infection, caused predominantly by Candida albicans, which affects a significant number of otherwise healthy women of childbearing age. Since there are no known exogenous predisposing factors to explain the incidence of symptomatic vaginitis in most women with idiopathic RVVC, it has been postulated that these particular women suffer from an immunological abnormality that prediposes them to RVVC. Because of the increased incidence of mucosal candidiasis in individuals with depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI), defects in CMI are viewed as a possible explanation for RVVC. In this review, we attempt to place into perspective the accumulated information regarding the immunopathogenesis of RVVC, as well as to provide new immunological perspectives and hypotheses regarding potential immunological deficiencies that may predispose to RVVC and potentially other mucosal infections by the same organism. The results of both clinical studies and studies in an animal model of experimental vaginitis suggest that systemic CMI may not be the predominant host defense mechanism against C. albicans vaginal infections. Rather, locally acquired mucosal immunity, distinct from that in the peripheral circulation, is now under consideration as an important host defense at the vaginal mucosa, as well as the notion that changes in local CMI mechanism(s) may predispose to RVVC.
TL;DR: Endosteal plating, in combination with a standard lateral plate and iliac crest bone-grafting, can successfully treat difficult nonunions of the femur.
Abstract: Seven patients, with an average age of 53 years, were treated for bone loss or recalcitrant nonunions of the femur. The average duration from initial injury to presentation was 37 months (range 4-92 months). The patients had undergone one to eight (mean, 3.9) previous surgical attempts at achieving union. The nonunion involved the diaphysis in three patients, the diaphyseal-supracondylar junction in three patients, and the pertrochanteric region in one patient. All patients were treated using a standard lateral plate in combination with an endosteal plate and primary iliac crest bone grafting. The mean surgical time was 6.3 h, and the average blood loss was 1.7 L. There were three complications, including one superficial wound infection, one nonfatal pulmonary embolism, and one wound hematoma. At a mean follow-up of 12.6 months (range 4-24 months), all fractures had healed with an average time to union of 19.2 weeks (range 15-36 weeks). Knee flexion averaged 118 degrees (range 100-135 degrees), and all patients were satisfied with the operative procedure. Endosteal plating, in combination with a standard lateral plate and iliac crest bone-grafting, can successfully treat difficult nonunions of the femur.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Organizing pneumonia, bacterial or fungal pneumonia, and increasing severity and frequency of cytomegalovirus infections potentiate the effect of acute rejection.
Abstract: Background : Acute rejection has emerged as an important risk factor for obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. We performed a multivariate analysis to assess the impact of additional variables. Methods : Seventy-four recipients (48 heart-lung, 18 single-lung, and 8 bilateral-lung recipients) who survived longer than 90 days and underwent transplantation more than 15 months before data analysis were included in this study. Several variables were entered into a Cox regression analysis to determine their association with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Results : Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome developed in 48 (65%) of 74 patients. Significant correlations were detected for acute rejection score, defined as the sum of pathologic grades of each separate acute rejection episode (p = 0.0004, likelihood ratio test value = 12.4) and for lymphocytic bronchiolitis (p = 0.03). In a bivariate model, episodes of organizing pneumonia and bacterial or fungal pneumonia significantly increased the likelihood ratio test value of the acute rejection score. The addition of the cytomegalovirus infection score, reflecting the frequency and severity of infection, to the combination of the acute rejection score and episodes of bacterial or fungal pneumonia resulted in a further significant increase in the likelihood ratio test value. Significant risk factors for moderate to severe stages of airflow limitation were at least one episode of acute rejection of grade ≥2, younger recipient age, and any acute rejection episode 180 days or longer after transplantation. Conclusions : Increasing frequency and severity of acute rejection episodes are strongly associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Lymphocytic bronchiolitis appeared to be significant by univariate analysis, but in a two-risk factor model, it did not augment the influence of acute rejection. Organizing pneumonia, bacterial or fungal pneumonia, and increasing severity and frequency of cytomegalovirus infections potentiate the effect of acute rejection. Late episodes of acute rejection and younger recipient age increase the risk for development of advanced disease.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results provide the first direct evidence for a Mac-2-binding protein function and suggest that it may play a role in tumor cell embolization during metastasis through interaction with galectin-3, a beta-galactoside-specific lectin implicated in diverse processes involved in cellular interactions.
Abstract: Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-specific lectin implicated in diverse processes involved in cellular interactions. Recently, the Mac-2-binding protein, a heavily N-glycosylated secreted protein with a subunit Mr of 97,000, was identified as its ligand. The present study characterizes the interaction between galectin-3 and Mac-2-binding protein in whole cells and measures their relative expression levels. Incubation of A375 cells with affinity-purified Mac-2-binding protein resulted in its binding to galectin-3 on the cell surface in a specific carbohydrate-dependent manner. Mac-2-binding protein also induced homotypic cell aggregation, which was inhibited by lactose or Fab9 fragments of an anti-galectin-3 antibody. Northern blotting analysis revealed differences in the transcriptional regulation of galectin-3 and Mac-2-binding protein. These results provide the first direct evidence for a Mac-2-binding protein function and suggest that it may play a role in tumor cell embolization during metastasis through interaction with galectin-3.