Showing papers in "Brain Research Bulletin in 2009"

TL;DR: The thalamus may serve as an important center of integration of networks that underlie the ability to modulate behaviors through non-reciprocal connections between the striatum and substantia nigra and within "hot spots" of convergence between corticostriatal projections from different functional regions.

TL;DR: It is shown that the expression of miR-34a is inversely correlated with the protein level of bcl2 in APPswe/PSDeltaE9 mice and age-matched controls, and miR -34a expression directly inhibits bCl2 translation in SH-SY5Y cells.

TL;DR: A better comprehension of the glutamatergic interplay between neurons and astrocytes may provide information about normal brain function and also highlight potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions in pathology.

TL;DR: Results indicate that individual differences in the main personality dimensions of NS, HA, RD and PER, may reflect structural variance in specific brain areas.

TL;DR: The thalamostriatal system is not a unique entity, but consists of multiple neural systems that originate from a wide variety of thalamic nuclei and terminate in functionally segregated striatal territories and the possibility that CM/Pf may be a potential surgical target for movement disorders, most particularly Tourette syndrome and Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: It is suggested that its impairment in the DMN network in SPP might be relevant in the development of the feeling of wariness of others' judgment and may be related to the so-called self-focused attention.

TL;DR: The evidence suggesting that mutant huntingtin, directly or indirectly impairs mitochondrial function, which compromises cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and contributes to neuronal dysfunction and death in HD is explored.

TL;DR: It appears to be a critical combination of afferent signals that is needed to generate and improve a locomotor pattern after SCI, which can be improved by taking advantage of the plasticity of spinal neuronal circuits and can be maintained with persistent locomotor activity.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the power decrease of cortical activity at alpha rhythms is largely reduced in elite athletes than in non-athletes, in line with the "neural efficiency" hypothesis.

TL;DR: It is possible that not only greater activation of the reward system, but also differences in the interaction of regions in this network may contribute to the relatively increased motivational value of foods in obese individuals.

TL;DR: The present results indicate that diphenyl diselenide can protect against some toxic effects of MeHg in mice, and may be related to its antioxidant properties and its ability to reduce Hg body burden.

TL;DR: Connections of the CM and Pf with other thalamic nuclei suggest they also participate in integrative functions within the thalamus, and inputs from the brainstem reticular core, reciprocal connections with the cerebral cortex and reticularThalamic nucleus suggest a role in state-dependant information processing.

TL;DR: An increased response for high arousing stimuli in comparison with low arousing and neutral stimuli was found within the left and right frontal areas, and delta and theta band have a significant role in monitoring the attentional significance of emotions.

TL;DR: Using an "assist-as-needed" approach for step training after a severe spinal cord injury provides a high probability of successful rehabilitation, and the use of robotics for training specific motor tasks has become more prevalent recently.

TL;DR: Using various mouse models provided a better knowledge of the role played by the disorganization of intermediate filaments in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, but the mechanisms leading to the formation of these aggregates remain elusive.

TL;DR: The lack of cognitive deficits and psychic impairment associated with the improvement of their quality of life, in a small cohort of CM/Pf implanted patients, reinforces the notion of CM-Pf as a safe and attractive area for surgical treatment of advanced PD.

TL;DR: The results indicated that CIG promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improved neurological function after ischemia in rats, and the mechanism might be related to CIG's increasing VEGF and Flk-1 in the brain.

TL;DR: Kinematics training may provide a more successful rehabilitation than training based on reconstructing normal muscle activation patterns, and recent data support the idea of plasticity and distributed networks for controlling human locomotion.

TL;DR: The results show the implication of dorsal pallium in trace conditioning, but not in non-trace conditioning, which allows discussion of homology proposals among lateral, dorsal, and medial pallia and hippocampus, isocortex, and pallial amygdala respectively.

TL;DR: Results showed that serum BDNF levels were significantly lower at baseline in both treatment groups compared to controls, and decreased levels of BDNF were also negatively correlated with HAM-D scores.

TL;DR: This paper puts emphasis on the contribution of hippocampal atrophy, increased cell death and alterations in trophic factors to the pathogenesis of depression and their relationship to the potential of antidepressants to reverse these changes by modulatingTrophic factor cascades and preventing apoptosis.

TL;DR: A minireview is prepared in order to evaluate the neuroprotective role of BDNF by psychiatric disorders which are characterized with prominent neuronal cell death.

TL;DR: This minireview proposes that GSK3 could be one of the factors that explain how mutations in app, ps-1 and ps-2 genes result in the appearance of neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: The results suggest that both NREM and REM sleep are involved in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and provide support for existing 2-stage models of sleep and memory including both non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep.

TL;DR: An apparent association between inhibition of hippocampal neuron loss by hypothermia and decreased astrocytosis and inflammatory cytokine release after hypoxia-ischemia in the developing brain is highlighted.

TL;DR: This review concentrates on three major neurodegenerative conditions--amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease--with emphasis on key cellular changes that may underlie early axonal dysfunction and pathology and, potentially, the degeneration of neurons.

TL;DR: Clinical development of haloperidol was conducted, primarily, by psychiatric research team at the University of Liège that confirmed its efficacy in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders such as acute and chronic paranoid psychosis, mania, or chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

TL;DR: It is recommended that more than one task should be used for detecting and tracking different aspects of motor decay in animal models of HD, since deficits in non-motor factors such as executive function and motivation may differentially influence motor outcome in each task.

TL;DR: 3-ASP protected against the increase in RS levels and CAT activity induced by PC in brains of rats, and the decrease in the levels of AA and inhibition of Na(+)K(+)ATPase, SOD and AChE activities caused by PC were protected by 3- ASP.

TL;DR: The clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies and of Parkinson's disease dementia is determinant for prognosis and therapeutic management, namely for avoiding increased sensibility to neuroleptics.