Showing papers in "Experimental Neurology in 2009"

TL;DR: Data suggest that levodopa-induced improvements in both rigidity and bradykinesia scale with the degree of suppression of oscillatory power in the STN LFP, and that this is true irrespective of the frequency at which synchronisation occurs across a broad band from 8-35 Hz.

TL;DR: Application of the newly developed stimulation protocols in patients with major depression has shown promise in few pilot studies, but further studies are needed to identify the optimal parameters of stimulation and the clinical and patient characteristics that may condition response to tDCS.

TL;DR: Targeting PAR-mediated AIF release could be a potential approach for the therapy of neurologic disorders after identifying the key event initiating the deadly crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria in parthanatos.

TL;DR: An important causal role for mitochondrial dysfunction is revealed in PD pathogenesis, and drugs and genetic approaches with the ability to modulate mitochondrial dynamics, function and biogenesis may have important clinical applications in the future treatment of PD.

TL;DR: The finding that longer periods of DBS attenuated beta power for a longer time suggests that there may be long-acting functional changes to networks in the STN in PD after chronic DBS.

TL;DR: The bioinformatics analysis indicates that the potential targets for miRNAs altered after SCI include genes encoding components that are involved in the inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis that are known to play important roles in the pathogenesis of SCI.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the overexpression of APP and the increased production of Abeta may cause structural changes of mitochondria, including an increase in the production of defective mitochondrialria, a decrease in mitochondrial trafficking, and the alteration of mitochondrial dynamics in neurons affected by AD.

TL;DR: Data indicate that the anti-inflammatory CD200/CD200R system may be deficient in AD brains, and Mechanisms aimed at increasing levels of CD200 and CD200R could have therapeutic potential for controlling inflammation in human neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: It is suggested that multiple APAs produce the knee trembling commonly associated with FoG and that FoG associated with a forward loss of balance is caused by an inability to couple a normal APA to the stepping motor pattern.

TL;DR: It is proposed that resting state analysis affords a new and simple means to assess disease-related neurofunctional alterations in widespread brain networks and the problem of differential task difficulty and effort between groups is circumvented.

TL;DR: The voltage distribution does not directly predict the neural response to DBS, but the results of this study provide foundational building blocks for understanding the electrical parameters of DBS and characterizing its effects on the nervous system.

TL;DR: The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis asserted that inheritance determines mitochondrial baseline function and durability, mitochondrial durability influences how mitochondria change with age, and when mitochondrial change reaches a threshold, AD histopathology and symptoms ensue.

TL;DR: This mini-review aims to provide a broader perspective on PD functional genomics and seeks to illustrate in a systems biological context why the findings by Hoepken and colleagues are of clinical significance.

TL;DR: Group that received acute ES and/or were forced to exercise in the treadmill showed higher levels of muscle reinnervation and increased numbers of regenerated myelinated axons when compared to control animals or animals that received chronic ES.

TL;DR: The literature to date suggests that daily prefrontal TMS for several weeks clearly has antidepressant effects, but much work remains to establish the effect sizes and improve the methods of delivery in order to improve its potential clinical utility.

TL;DR: The development of spontaneous posttraumatic seizures as well as structural and functional network changes associated with temporal lobe epilepsy in the mouse dentate gyrus by 71 d after CCI injury are suggested.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mitochondria have causal roles in the disease mechanisms in MNs in ALS mice and reducing the levels of CyPD by genetic ablation significantly delays disease onset and extends the lifespan of G93A-mSOD1 mice expressing high and low levels of mutant protein in a gender-dependent pattern.

TL;DR: The current data suggests that mitochondrial dynamics may play a role in PD pathogenesis, and a better understanding of mitochondrial dynamics within the neuron may lead to future therapeutic treatments for PD, potentially aimed at some of the earliest pathogenic events.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that D2 and D3 receptors are present on adult rat SVZ-derived neural progenitors in vitro, and PPX specifically increased mRNA levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and paired box gene 6 (Pax6).

TL;DR: Current knowledge of peripheral tissue alterations in HD patients and in animal models of HD is reviewed and how this information can be used to identify potential therapeutic possibilities and biomarkers for disease progression is reviewed.

TL;DR: IL-10 may provide direct neuroprotective effects in spinal cord injury separate from and in addition to the known anti-inflammatory effects and point to the possibility that IL-10 delivery by gene transfer may be a useful adjunctive therapy for spinal Cord injury.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of the benefits of targeting TSPO for TBI treatment and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of T SPO drug ligands in neurotrauma are outlined.

TL;DR: It is reported that the parkinsonian neurotoxin and mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone causes delayed gastric emptying and enteric neuronal dysfunction when administered chronically to rats in the absence of major motor dysfunction or CNS pathology and it is suggested that enteric inhibitory neurons may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of mitochondrial inhibition by parkinsonia neurotoxins.

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that striatal spine loss in MPTP-treated monkeys is an early pathological event of parkinsonism, tightly correlated with the degree of nigrostriatal dopamine denervation that likely affects both direct and indirect striatofugal pathways.

TL;DR: It is shown that cognitive and physical stimulation is capable of increasing the number of newborn mature hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice to wild type levels, probably enhancing the brain capacity to better compensate for neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the pilocarpine model of TLE in B6 mice is ideally suited to study the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the association between seizures, brain damage and psychopathology.

TL;DR: The study showed that intrathecal injection of Ro 25-6981, a selective NMDA-2B receptor antagonist, had a dose-dependent anti-allodynic effect without causing motor dysfunction, and application of ifenprodil prior to SNL also significantly inhibited the mechanical allodynia but not the thermal hyperalgesia, suggesting that NMDA -2B receptors at the spinal cord level play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain.

TL;DR: This study supports the hypothesis of functional neural network changes during absence seizures, which became more regularized in weighted and unweighted analyses, when compared to the more randomized pre-ictal network configuration.

TL;DR: Pulse train HFS affects axonal activity by disrupting HFS evoked excitation leading to partial conduction block of activity through the site of HFS; and generating complete conduction blocks of secondary evoked activity, as HFS amplitude is increased.

TL;DR: It is found that injured animals infused with bFGF exhibited significantly enhanced cell proliferation in the SVZ and the DG at 1 week post-TBI as compared to vehicle-infused animals.