Showing papers in "Free Radical Biology and Medicine in 2002"

TL;DR: Three unique and highly compartmentalized mammalian superoxide dismutases have been biochemically and molecularly characterized to date and a molecular understanding of each of these genes has proven useful toward the deciphering of their biological roles.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current knowledge on phospholipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in AD brain, one potential cause of this oxidative stress, and consequences of A(beta)-induced lipid per oxidation andprotein oxidation inAD brain.

TL;DR: Mechanistic aspects of oxidative damage to DNA and recent developments in the measurement of this type of damage using chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques are reviewed.

TL;DR: The accumulation of lipofuscin within postmitotic cells is a recognized hallmark of aging occuring with a rate inversely related to longevity as mentioned in this paper, whereas proliferative cells efficiently dilute it during division.

TL;DR: Of special interest has been the finding that XOR can catalyze the reduction of nitrates and nitrites to nitric oxide (NO), acting as a source of both NO and peroxynitrite.

TL;DR: There is a large body of evidence implicating oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of both normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases as discussed by the authors, however, although there are a large number of potential oxidative modifications only a few have been systematically studied.

TL;DR: Novel methodologies for assessing cellular LIP are dealt with and recent studies in which changes in LIP and ROS levels played a determining role in cellular processes are reviewed.

TL;DR: In eukaryotes, removal is usually carried out by the proteosome, which selectively degrades oxidatively modified proteins, whether they be damaged by reactive oxygen species or specifically oxidized by cellular regulatory processes as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: A critical overview of the currently available evidence bearing on the validity of the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging can be found in this paper, where the authors conclude that although there is considerable evidence implicating oxidative stress in the aging process, additional evidence is needed to clearly define the nature of the involvement.

TL;DR: The existing evidence for the intramitochondrially formed peroxynitrite formation and reactions is analyzed, the key reactions and fate of peroxysitrite in mitochondria are analyzed, and their impact in mitochondrial physiology and signaling of cell death is analyzed.

TL;DR: The powerful techniques, emerging from application of proteomics to neurodegenerative disease, reveal the presence of specific targets of protein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain: creatine kinase BB, glutamine synthase, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1.

TL;DR: In this article, a new ferritin specific for the mitochondria, which is functionally similar to the H-ferritin, opens new perspectives in the study of the relationships between iron, oxidative damage and free radicals.

TL;DR: A framework for this hypothesis is provided and the potential sources and properties of these radicals that are likely to become increasingly recognized as important mediators of biological processes are discussed.

TL;DR: The results show that the majority of the in vivo forms derive from cleavage products of the action of colonic bacterial enzymes and subsequent metabolism in the liver, and suggest that consideration should be given to the cleavage Products as having a putative role as physiologically relevant bioactive components in vivo.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the rate of oxygen consumption and the ensuing accrual of molecular oxidative damage constitute a fundamental mechanism governing the aging process is supported by several lines of evidence as discussed by the authors, such as: life spans of cold blooded animals and mammals with unstable basal metabolic rate (BMR) are extended and oxidative damage (OxD) is attenuated by an experimental decrease in metabolic rate.

TL;DR: Examination of corals along a depth transect in the Florida Keys over a single season that was characterized by unusually high sea-surface temperatures indicates that coral bleaching is tightly coupled to the antioxidant and cellular stress capacity of the symbiotic coral, supporting the mechanistic model that coral Bleaching (zooxanthellae loss) may be a final strategy to defend corals from oxidative stress.

TL;DR: A few studies have consistently demonstrated increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of isoprostanes in Alzheimer's disease patients early in the course of their dementia, and one study has suggested that CSF isostane may improve the laboratory diagnostic accuracy for AD.

TL;DR: The data strongly suggest that flavonoids are important in the regulation of the intracellular glutathione levels, which may be exerted in part through GCS gene regulation, and may also contribute to the disease-preventing effect of fruits and vegetables.

TL;DR: C11-BODIPY(581/591) is a fluorescent radio-probe for indexing lipid peroxidation and antioxidant efficacy in model membrane systems and living cells, with excellent characteristics of emission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

TL;DR: Direct evidence is provided correlating the activities of IDPc and the maintenance of the cellular redox state, suggesting that IDP c plays an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the principal biological consequences of endogenously produced and unrepaired free radical-damaged DNA bases are mutations.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the mitochondrial DNA base excision DNA repair (BER) pathway may increase with age and this increase is not enough to prevent the gradual accumulation of lesions in the mitochondria with age.

TL;DR: Redox states of cysteine/cystine and GSH/GSSG provide an approach to clinically distinguish between increased causative oxidative events and decreased GSH antioxidant function, and can be used to assess efficacy of intervention strategies against oxidative stress prior to or early after onset of clinical symptoms in aging and age-related disease.

TL;DR: The antimetastatic mechanism involves a t-RES (1 microM)-induced inhibition of vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium (HSE), which consequently decreased in vitro B16M cell adhesion to the endothelia via very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4).

TL;DR: Nitric oxide (NO) or its derivatives (reactive nitrogen species, RNS) inhibit mitochondrial respiration in two different ways: an acute, potent, and reversible inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by NO in competition with oxygen; and, (ii) irreversible inhibition of multiple sites by RNS.

TL;DR: The presence of the epicatechin glucuronide and 3'-O-methyl epicatechine glucuronides formed after oral ingestion formed in the rat brain tissue is reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that at least part of the long-term toxicity may involve iron-mediated oxidative damage to the mitochondrial genome with an accumulation of mutational events leading to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction.

TL;DR: A review of the role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases can be found in this paper, which summarizes the current state-of-the-art.

TL;DR: The studies with animal models have provided information clearly indicating the ability of grape polyphenols to ameliorate neuronal damages due to chronic ethanol consumption, and the need to extend research beyond the "French Paradox" towards better understanding molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenolic compounds and their application to human health.

TL;DR: In this article, a focus is put mainly on phenolic antioxidant structures that belong to the class of direct antioxidants, and an outlook is given on possible novel antioxidant lead structures with improved pharmacological features.