Showing papers in "Journal of Psychopharmacology in 2020"
TL;DR: In this paper, a randomized controlled trial compared single-dose psilocybin with singledose niacin in conjunction with psychotherapy in participants with cancer-related psychiatric disorders.
Abstract: Background:A recently published randomized controlled trial compared single-dose psilocybin with single-dose niacin in conjunction with psychotherapy in participants with cancer-related psychiatric...
134 citations
TL;DR: In contrast to the presumed actions of antidepressants, the authors recently showed thatPsilocybin has shown promise as a treatment for depression but its therapeutic mechanisms are not properly understood. And they recently...
Abstract: Background:Psilocybin has shown promise as a treatment for depression but its therapeutic mechanisms are not properly understood. In contrast to the presumed actions of antidepressants, we recently...
73 citations
TL;DR: Acute CBD administration at a dose of 300 mg decreased anxiety in patients with PD, and there was also decreased tremor amplitude in an anxiogenic situation.
Abstract: Background:Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main components of Cannabis sativa and has anxiolytic properties, but no study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of CBD on anxiety signs and symp...
67 citations
TL;DR: While infrequent, episodic users are not at risk, a minority of heavy users are at dose-dependent risk of developing serious neurological consequences and better education and raised awareness of early symptoms are required.
Abstract: Background:Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been used in clinical and recreational settings for over 150 years. Through inactivation of the Vitamin B12 dependent enzyme, methionine synthase, N2O can lead to...
54 citations
TL;DR: The subjective phenomena, interpretation, and persisting changes that people attribute to N,N-dimethyltryptamine-occasioned entity encounter experiences were characterized, with persisting positive changes in life satisfaction, purpose, and meaning attributed to the experiences.
Abstract: Background:Experiences of having an encounter with seemingly autonomous entities are sometimes reported after inhaling N,N-dimethyltryptamine.Aim:The study characterized the subjective phenomena, i...
53 citations
TL;DR: These findings enhance the understanding of the biological mechanisms behind the observed antidepressant effects of ayahuasca and encourage further clinical trials in adults with depression.
Abstract: Background:Ayahuasca is a traditional Amazon brew and its potential antidepressant properties have recently been explored in scientific settings. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled tria...
45 citations
TL;DR: This meta-analysis shows that psychedelic treatments were safe and could contribute to a rapid improvement of depressive symptoms.
Abstract: Background:Psychedelic drugs have shown an efficacy in some psychiatric disorders and have an original mechanism of action with a 5-HT2A agonism.Aim:The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess by a...
43 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence for subacute functional changes induced by the psychedelic ayahuasca on higher-order cognitive brain networks that support interoceptive, affective, and self-referential functions is provided.
Abstract: Background:Neuroimaging studies have just begun to explore the acute effects of psychedelics on large-scale brain networks’ functional organization. Even less is known about the neural correlates o...
39 citations
TL;DR: Electroconvulsive therapy was associated with lower all-cause mortality and the relative risk for re-hospitalization and attempted and committed suicide was lowest in patients with the most severe depression, as well as for emergency contacts and attempted suicide.
Abstract: Background:The effects of electroconvulsive therapy are usually estimated from changes in depression scales from studies with relatively small patient samples. Larger patient samples can be achieve...
34 citations
TL;DR: Ketamine may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders and was safe and well tolerated in this doubleblind, psychoactive-controlled ascending dose study.
Abstract: Background:We previously reported that ketamine has anxiolytic effects in patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders.Aims:The purpose of this study was to re...
32 citations
TL;DR: Web fora containing a wealth of information posted by users as trip reports (TRs) could be considered as an appreciable data source when information on NPSs obtained from Internet fora are abundant and pyrazolam was reported to be the most anxiolytic and flubromazolam the most hypnotic DBZD.
Abstract: Background:Scientific data on the psychopharmacological effects of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) are scarce. Web fora contain a wealth of information posted by users as trip reports (TRs), but...
TL;DR: Overall, the evidence regarding complementarity and substitution of cannabis and alcohol is mixed, though evidence indicates different effects in different populations and to some extent across different study designs.
Abstract: Background:Whether alcohol and cannabis complement or substitute each other has been studied for over two decades. In the changing cannabis policy landscape, debates are moving rapidly and spill-ov...
TL;DR: Examining the practices and demographics of a population of psychedelic microdosers – including their psychiatric diagnoses, prescription medications, and recreational substance use patterns – to develop a foundation on which to conduct future clinical research is needed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of this practice in clinical populations.
Abstract: Rationale:Microdosing psychedelics – the practice of consuming small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of substances such as LSD or psilocybin – is gaining attention in popular media but remains poorly cha...
King's College London1, University of Southampton2, University of Cape Town3, University of Newcastle4, University of East Anglia5, University of Manchester6, University College London7, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust8, London School of Economics and Political Science9, University of Oxford10, Imperial College London11
TL;DR: There is a need to maximise both clinical research and patient benefit, in a safe, cautious and ethical manner, so that those patients for whom cannabis is shown to be effective can access it.
Abstract: Background:In the UK, medical cannabis was approved in November 2018, leading many patients to believe that the medicine would now be available on the NHS. Yet, to date, there have been only 12 NHS...
TL;DR: The observed pharmacological profile of JNJ-54175446 in the dexamphetamine challenge paradigm is compatible with a potential mood-modulating effect, suggesting that a dose that is approximately twice as high is needed to obtain a central PD response compared to the dose needed for maximum peripheral occupancy.
Abstract: Background:This is the first report of the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of the selective, potent and brain-penetrant P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonist JNJ-54175446. Activation of the P2X7R, an adeno...
TL;DR: The meta-analysis suggests that sarcosine may be associated with treatment effect on overall clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia but not cognitive functions.
Abstract: Background:Sarcosine (N-methylglycine), a type 1 glycine transporter inhibitor (GlyT1), has shown therapeutic potential for treating schizophrenia; however, studies have reported conflicting result...
TL;DR: NAC prevented sensorimotor gating deficits only in females, while it prevented alterations in social interaction, working memory and locomotor activity in both sexes, highlights the influences of sex in NAC preventive effects in rats exposed to a two-hit schizophrenia model.
Abstract: Background:Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by patient sex. Mechanisms underlying sex differences in SCZ remain unknown. A two-hit model of SCZ combines the exposure ...
TL;DR: Findings suggest that CBD increases CBF to key regions involved in memory processing, particularly the hippocampus, which could identify potential mechanisms of CBD for a range of conditions associated with altered memory processing.
Abstract: Background:Cannabidiol (CBD) is being investigated as a potential treatment for several medical indications, many of which are characterised by altered memory processing. However, the mechanisms un...
TL;DR: Gestational THC impaired the formation of memory traces when integration between environmental encoding and emotional/motivational processing was required and promoted the development of alcohol-addictive behaviours.
Abstract: Background:Cannabinoid consumption during pregnancy has been increasing on the wave of the broad-based legalisation of cannabis in Western countries, raising concern about the putative detrimental ...
TL;DR: Calcium channel blockers are associated with higher rates of delirium than renin-angiotensin system agents, but lower rates compared to beta-blockers, adding to the list of factors which may be considered when choosing antihypertensive drug class.
Abstract: Background:Antihypertensive drugs, especially calcium channel blockers, have been associated with differential rates of a number of neuropsychiatric outcomes. Delirium is commonly attributed to med...
TL;DR: No evidence has been demonstrated for the use of any psychotropic drug in acute-phase Anorexia nervosa neither for weight recovery, nor for comorbid psychiatric symptoms, according to an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials investigating psychopharmacological treatment in acutely-phase AN.
Abstract: Background:Anorexia nervosa (AN) is the psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate, with a standard mortality ratio of 5.86. Despite the large use of psychotropic drugs in the clinical se...
TL;DR: The few data that are available show that ecstasy is not a safe substance, however, compared to opiates, the risk of acute ecstasy-related adverse health incidents per ecstasy user and per ecstasy use session is relatively low.
Abstract: Background:The recreational drug ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is currently used world-wide. Severe (including fatal) health incidents related to ecstasy have been reported but a risk...
TL;DR: NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups.
Abstract: Introduction:New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measu...
TL;DR: The results further support the role of glucocorticoid signalling in the dysfunction associated with stress exposure and provide novel insights on the mechanism of lurasidone, suggesting its effectiveness on different domains associated with psychiatric disorders.
Abstract: Background:Stress represents one of the main precipitating factors for psychiatric diseases, characterised by an altered function of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), known to play a role in mood and ...
TL;DR: ACT-541468 in elderly subjects was well tolerated and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are compatible with a drug for the treatment of insomnia.
Abstract: Background:The dual orexin receptor antagonist ACT-541468 showed sedative pharmacodynamic effects during initial clinical testing in adult subjects. The present study explored pharmacokinetics, pha...
TL;DR: Lithium-associated hypothyroidism seems reversible in most patients once lithium has been discontinued, and in such cases, thyroid replacement therapy discontinuation could be attempted much more often than currently done.
Abstract: Background: The association between lithium and thyroid dysfunction has long been known. However, it remains unknown if lithium-associated hypothyroidism is reversible once lithium treatment has be ...
TL;DR: The results suggest a partial replication of previously reported benefits and challenges among the present sample often reporting enhanced mood, creativity, focus and sociability and the perceived benefits of microdosing greatly outweigh the challenges.
Abstract: Background:Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of taking small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Despite its surging popularity, littl...
TL;DR: Olanzapine treatment was associated with the highest change in weight, with higher doses resulting in more weight gain, and doctors should prescribe the lowest effective dose to balance mental-health benefits, weight gain and other adverse effects.
Abstract: Background:Antipsychotics are often prescribed for long-term periods, however, most evidence of their impact on body weight comes from short-term clinical trials. Particularly, impact associated wi...
TL;DR: These findings suggest negative modulation of zebrafish affective behavior by donepezil, support the key role of cholinergic mechanisms in behavioral regulation in zebra fish, and reinforce the growing utility ofZebrafish models for studying complex behavioral processess and their neuroendocrine and neurochemical regulation.
Abstract: Background:A potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil is a cognitive enhancer clinically used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. However, its complete pharmacological profile beyond cogni...
TL;DR: It is concluded that the proposed Hamilton Depression Rating Scale cut-off of 0.875 has no scientific basis and is likely misleading; there is no agreed upon way of delineating clinically significant from clinically insignificant and future clinical trials should consider including measures directly reflective of functioning and wellbeing, in addition to measures focused on depression psychopathology.
Abstract: The efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder has been continually questioned, mainly on the basis of studies using the sum-score of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as a primary...