Showing papers in "Neuropharmacology in 2015"

TL;DR: Evidence that dysregulation of their biosynthesis and cellular release, or alterations in receptor-mediated intracellular pathways in target cells, leads to neuronal cell dysfunction and modifications in neuronal network excitability is reported.

TL;DR: It is suggested that quercetin reverses histological hallmarks of AD and protects cognitive and emotional function in aged 3xTg-AD mice.

TL;DR: Key concepts of microglial priming and immune-reactivity in the context of aging, traumatic CNS injury and neurodegenerative disease are discussed.

TL;DR: Some recent findings concerning the structure and function of native nAChRs are reviewed, focussing on the subtypes identified in the rodent habenulo-interpeduncular pathway, a pathway involved in nicotine reinforcement and withdrawal.

TL;DR: How Aβ activates or inhibits nAChRs, and how this interaction contributes to AD pathology is discussed, and the potential role of nA cholinergic tone and acetylcholine receptor families as therapeutic targets are discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that an exaggerated brain inflammatory response, arising from aging and a secondary immune challenge, may erode the capacity to provide the BDNF needed for memory-related plasticity processes at hippocampal synapses.

TL;DR: Recent techniques based on targeted expression of neuronal activity modulators, such as optogenetics, allow physiological identification and perturbation of specific interneuron subtypes in the intact brain and facilitate the understanding of the multiple roles of inhibitory interneurons in shaping circuit functions.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests IL-10 may be an invaluable target for the treatment of neuroimmune disease, with more sophisticated gene therapy-based methods producing sustained therapeutic effects lasting for several months following a single injection.

TL;DR: A growing body of evidence supports a role for glial-produced neuroimmune factors, including the cytokine IL-6, in CNS physiology and pathology and there is a need for a greater understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological actions of IL- 6 in the CNS.

TL;DR: It is shown that a linear reaction scheme can reproduce the basic electrophysiological properties of ASICs, including steady-state desensitization, and how a desensitized receptor can sense sustained acidosis is discussed.

TL;DR: In humans, experiments performed in healthy volunteers using drugs already used in the clinic and acting as poorly-selective inhibitors of ASICs, together with recent in vitro data obtained from stem cell-derived sensory neurons both support a role for these channels in nociception, and suggest a real translational potential in the development of inhibitory strategies of ASIC's for the treatment of pain.

TL;DR: The binding profile of NBOMe drugs predicts strong hallucinogenic effects, similar to LSD, but possibly more stimulant properties because of α1 receptor interactions.

TL;DR: The role of TLR4 and TLR2 responses in neuroinflammation and in anxiogenic-related behavior effects during ethanol deprivation are supported, and evidence that chemokines and cytokines can be biomarkers of ethanol-induced neuroimmune response is provided.

TL;DR: The role of two of the better-studied members of this family, leptin and adiponectin, are focused on, with particular emphasis on their role in neuro-immune interactions, neuroinflammation and subsequent brain diseases.

TL;DR: Exposure to chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure is used to evaluate the effects of chronic alcohol exposure and withdrawal on anxiety-like behavior and basal synaptic function and neuronal excitability in prefrontal cortical and extended amygdala brain regions and suggests that there may be complex interactions between these regions in the regulation of ethanol-dependent alterations in anxiety state.

TL;DR: The wide expression of CHRNA7, its multiple functions and modes of regulation present challenges for study of this gene in disease.

TL;DR: This review provides a summary of the different compounds that directly interact with these channels, either with inhibitory or stimulatory effect, and with high selectivity or poor specificity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated, for the first time, that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced astrocyte apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway through the stimulation of α7-nAChRs.

TL;DR: Findings indicating that the stress-induced microglia dysfunction may underlie neuroplasticity deficits associated to many mood disorders are described.

TL;DR: The literature on the role of nAChRs in regulating mood and anxiety, and subsequently on the closely related construct of ARBS is reviewed to suggest avenues for future study to identify how nA ChRs and nicotinic agents may play a role in these clinically important areas.

TL;DR: An efficient therapeutic effect of PNC is demonstrated as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress agent, with significant effects on the EAE scores and myelin repair mechanisms, as an animal model of MS.

TL;DR: The anatomical and functional connections of the habenulo-interpeduncular (Hb-IPN) system are described, as well as the contribution of specific nAChRs subtypes in nicotine-mediated behaviors and how nicotine exposure alters their cellular physiology are discussed.

TL;DR: The results suggest that adolescent social isolation not only leads to persistent increases in anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol consumption, but also disrupts fear extinction, and as such may be a useful preclinical model of stress-related psychopathology.

TL;DR: It was found that females exhibited higher levels of immobility than males and this sex difference was alleviated following antidepressant treatment, and when screening for new antidepressants, it was recommended to use standard FST procedures and if possible to include females in all phases of the cycle.

TL;DR: An overview of the most recent advances on the signal transduction mechanism boosted by X-ray crystallography of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologues of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in conjunction with time-resolved analyses based on single-channel electrophysiology and Molecular Dynamics simulations is presented.

TL;DR: Both eslicarbazepine and LCM reduce VGSC availability through enhancement of slow inactivation, but LCM demonstrated higher interaction with VGSC in the resting state and with fast inactivation gating, which did not share with CBZ and OXC the ability to alter fast in activation of VGSC.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ceftriaxone treatment prevents ethanol drinking in part through normalization of extracellular glutamate concentrations in NAc of male P rats via GLT-1.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a high fat low carbohydrate ketogenic diet prevented disease progression in two mechanistically different models of epilepsy, and an epigenetic mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects is suggested.

TL;DR: Data demonstrate that α-asarone is a promising neuroprotective agent that should be further evaluated and developed for future prevention and treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory conditions including PD.

TL;DR: SAX can be introduced as a novel approach for the management of PD based on the remarkable improvement in motor functions denoting antiparkinsonian efficacy via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective and neurorestorative mechanisms.