Showing papers in "Neuroscience in 2007"

TL;DR: Experimental evidence indicates that negative verbal suggestions induce anticipatory anxiety about the impending pain increase, and this verbally-induced anxiety triggers the activation of cholecystokinin which, in turn, facilitates pain transmission, and underscores the important role of cognition in the therapeutic outcome.

TL;DR: This review discusses similarities among HD, Friedreich ataxia and xeroderma pigmentosum, which provide insight into shared mechanisms of neuronal death, and focuses on Huntington's disease.

TL;DR: Patients with the rare genetic disorders, xeroderma pigmentosum, trichothiodystrophy and Cockayne syndrome, have defects in DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is involved in protection against sunlight-induced DNA damage.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ketones reduce glutamate-induced free radical formation by increasing the NAD+/NADH ratio and enhancing mitochondrial respiration in neocortical neurons, which may contribute to the neuroprotective activity of ketones by restoring normal bioenergetic function in the face of oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Evidence for either of the two models of ERP generation is presented and validated, and their possible impact on cognitive neuroscience is discussed, and future prospects on this field of research are presented.

TL;DR: New concepts regarding the neuroprotective role of the innate immune response in the brain and how microglia can be directed to improve recovery after injuries and prevent/delay neurodegeneration are presented.

TL;DR: Results suggest that this newly developed drug Stroop fMRI task may be a sensitive biobehavioral assay of the functions recruited for the regulation of responses to salient symptom-related stimuli in drug-addicted individuals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the functional characterization of the serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout rat model, that is generated by N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU)-driven target-selected mutagenesis.

TL;DR: It is found that VPA induced apoptosis of microglia cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and the potential utility of HDACIs in preventing inflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease is underscored.

TL;DR: Social affiliation data revealed NRG1 mutants to evidence a specific loss of WT preference for spending time with an unfamiliar as opposed to a familiar conspecific, suggesting that NRG 1 mutants show a selective impairment in response to social novelty.

TL;DR: Results suggest that oxytocin release, stimulated by MDMA through 5-HT(1A) receptors, may play a key role in the prosocial effects of MDMA and underlie some of the reinforcing effects of the drug.

TL;DR: Altogether, SPS caused a number of behavioral changes similar to those described in PTSD, which marks SPS as a putative PTSD model.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined synaptic density in human prefrontal cortex across development by measuring two synaptic marker proteins: synaptophysin (presynaptic), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in dorsolateral PFC of 42 subjects, distributed in age from 18 weeks gestation to 25 years.

TL;DR: ATP, acting through the P2X7 receptor, exerts a wide-ranging influence on spinal neuronal activity following a chronic injury and is likely mediated through immuno-neural interactions that affect the release of endogenous cytokines.

TL;DR: The complexity of overlapping neural pathways and possible mechanisms underlying pelvic organ crosstalk are analyzed in this review at both systemic and cellular levels.

TL;DR: The idea that there is a lactate shuttle in the brain similar to that in muscle is given support by comparing the localizations of MCTs in oxidative and glycolytic compartments.

TL;DR: The possibility that neuronal loss may occur between adolescence and adulthood in the rat prefrontal cortex is examined and sex-specific developmental changes in neuron number, glial number, and volume resulted in sex differences in adults that were not seen during adolescence.

TL;DR: The roles of neurotransmitter receptors in the normal function, and malfunction in pathological conditions, of oligodendrocytes are reviewed.

TL;DR: Evidence is reported that physical/emotional stress may induce morphological microglial activation in the brain and this activation is in part mediated by interleukin-18.

TL;DR: Findings will be critical for future studies examining the regulation of SGZ precursor kinetics in adult mice, and hopefully will encourage the field to move beyond counting BrdU-IR cells to a more mechanistic analysis of adult neurogenesis.

TL;DR: Examination of the effect of antidepressant treatment on the expression of three plasticity-associated marker proteins in the rat brain suggests that antidepressant treatment increases synaptic plasticity and connectivity in brain regions associated with mood disorders.

TL;DR: A classification scheme to characterize the firing frequency trends of cells recorded from the cortex of monkeys during performance of working memory tasks is introduced and it is found that cells from different firing-trend classes possess markedly different statistics.

TL;DR: Infusions of a fluorescent retrograde tracer, fluorogold, into the VTA region, combined with fluorescent immunocytochemistry for CRF to identify sources of this input point to diffusely distributed sources of CRF-containing fibers in the Vta.

TL;DR: This study provides the first evidence that the abnormal motor and cognitive behavioral phenotype in Mecp2 mice is consistent with specific volume reductions in brain regions associated with these behaviors, and shows how these data parallel the human condition.

TL;DR: Results show there is a significant decrease in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of primiparous and multiparous rats during the early postpartum period, and a decrease incell survival in the Dentate g Cyrus during the post partum in primiporous rats, regardless of pup-exposure, compared with all other groups.

TL;DR: The results suggest that renewal of extinguished alcohol-seeking depends on a distributed neural circuit involving basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus that involves D1 dopamine receptors.

TL;DR: This is the first report well characterizing the extensive localization of alpha-SYN in the neuronal nuclei throughout the brain in normal conditions and indicates an important physiological function of this molecule in the nuclei of brain neurons.

TL;DR: There was no significant change in hippocampal neurogenesis for groups that started training either 1 or 11 days following BrdU administration, suggesting that a critical period exists in the development of new neurons during which time their survival may be altered by activation of the hippocampus.

TL;DR: It is suggested that Nrf2 reduces ischemic brain injury by protecting against oxidative stress by reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury.

TL;DR: Chronic treatment with progesterone, dihydroprogesterone or its derivatives, DHP and THP, counteracted the impairment of nerve conduction velocity and thermal threshold, restored skin innervation density, and improved Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and mRNA levels of myelin proteins, suggesting that these neuroactive steroids, might be useful protective agents in diabetic neuropathy.