Showing papers in "Neuroscience Letters in 2015"

TL;DR: Results indicate that mitochondria constitute a major source of ROS generation in LPS-mediated activated microglia cells and suggest that a potential strategy in the development of therapy for inflammation-associated degenerative neurological diseases involves targeting the regulation of mitochondrial ROS in microglial cells.

TL;DR: The role of the main players in determining the pathogenesis of anticancer drugs-induced peripheral neuropathy is reviewed, with a focus on Dorsal Root Ganglia sensory neurons, satellite cells, Schwann cells and neuronal and glial cells in the spinal cord.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a three-class fNIRS-BCI using three different intentionally-generated cognitive tasks as inputs and concurrently measure and discriminate fNirS signals evoked by three different mental activities.

TL;DR: Together these studies provide evidence for a neurotophic and synaptogenic hypothesis of depression and treatment response and indicate that spine synapse connectivity in key cortical and limbic brain regions is critical for control of mood and emotion.

TL;DR: Detailed mechanisms of axon degeneration itself have begun to be elucidated with studies of animal models with altered degeneration kinetics, including the slowed Wallerian degeneration (Wld(S)) and Sarm knockout animal models.

TL;DR: The evidence of reduced dendritic spine density and other dendrite abnormalities in schizophrenia is summarized, current data that informs the neurodevelopment timing of these impairments are evaluated, and what is known about possible upstream sources of dendedritic spine loss is discussed.

TL;DR: By examining molecular signaling pathways, synaptic deficits, and spine dysgenesis in experimental mouse models of autism related disorders, strong evidence is found for mTOR to be a critical point of convergence and promising therapeutic target.

TL;DR: The involvement of the cerebral cortex in maintaining upright posture during continuous balance tasks is demonstrated and the important role of frontal and parietal theta oscillations in balance control is emphasized.

TL;DR: The present results suggest that the RBC α-syn oligomer/total protein ratio can be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PD.

TL;DR: Retinal neuronal damage, as reflected by GC-IPL thinning, was independently associated with grey matter loss in the occipital and temporal lobes, suggesting that retinal OCT may provide insights for assessing neurodegeneration in the brain.

TL;DR: The results suggest that UMB may have beneficial effects for neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemic partly through the inhibition of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of PPAR-γ.

TL;DR: Abnormalities of mitochondrial dynamics produced by mutations in proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion, fission, and transport usually present with a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) phenotype.

TL;DR: The reduced infarct volume in AQP4(-/-) mice following transient MCAO supports the potential utility of therapeutic AQP2 inhibition in stroke and shows greatest reduction in apparent diffusion coefficient around the occlusion site after reperfusion.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a resting EEG test can be a supportive tool for evaluating patients with schizophrenia and the characteristics of the QEEG power in un-medicated schizophrenia patients compared with normal controls are confirmed.

TL;DR: It is found that chronic treatment of a mouse model of anxiety/depression with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI, fluoxetine, 18mg/kg/day) reversed CORT-induced anxiety/Depression-like behavior in mice and increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in cortex and hippocampus of Nrf2 knockout mice.

TL;DR: Elevated sPDGFRβ levels in biofluids in patients with dementia and/or other neurodegenerative disorders likely reflects pericyte injury, which supports the potential for sPDgFRβ to be developed and validated as a biomarker of brain pericytes injury and BBB dysfunction.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that in the perivascular region of cerebral white matter, pericytes and OPCs may attach and support each other.

TL;DR: Treatment with lycopene reverses neurochemical deficts, oxidative stress, apoptosis and physiological abnormalities in PD mice and offer promise strategy in the treatment of this neurodegenerative disease.

TL;DR: Results show that curcumin suppresses ERK1/2 and p38 signaling, thus, attenuating inflammatory responses of brain microglia, and suppressing Aβ42-induced CD68 expression.

TL;DR: These data show for the first time that CB2 receptors are located in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the substantia nigra at levels significantly lower in PD patients compared to controls.

TL;DR: Reduced cerebral autoregulation, was associated with increased amyloid deposition and increased white matter hyperintensity volume, which, in turn, were positively associated with each other and demonstrated an interrelationship among AD pathology, small vessel cerebrovascular disease, and cerebral autorespiration.

TL;DR: It is found that chronic unpredictable stress for four weeks in rats induced depressive-like behaviors such as anhedonia, despair and decreased exploration, suggesting that down regulation of endogenous antioxidant defense induces lipid peroxidation contributing a role to chronic stress and depression.

TL;DR: The results suggest that crocin has neuroprotective effects against TBI in mice, and these effects are at least partially dependent on activation of Notch signaling.

TL;DR: Comparisons on multiple phases of disease progression indicated that diverse extent and onset of functional degenerations in dorsal and ventral attention systems as the disease severity progressed, and suggested impaired functional anatomy for top-down and bottom-up processing in AD patients.

TL;DR: Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3, plasma lipids accumulating in Fabry disease, cause mechanical allodynia in mice and direct effects of lyso -Gb3 on sensory neurons may contribute to the pain ofFabry disease.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that pleasant sensory stimuli activate hypothalamic oxytocin neurons and emission of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, an index of positive emotion, in rats.

TL;DR: Increased understanding of the pathophysiology of painful peripheral neuropathy offers new targets that may provide a basis for more effective treatment, including blockade of sodium channels or block of reverse operation of the sodium-calcium exchanger.

TL;DR: The data showed that pretreatment with Sal dramatically attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory response, decrease of NE and 5-HT levels in the prefrontal cortex, and Sal increased expression levels of BNDF and TrkB, suggesting that Sal may play a neuroprotective role through the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of taurine against the toxicity of nickel might largely depend on its roles in reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.

TL;DR: Blood DNA data suggest that none of the studied regions is differently methylated in blood DNA between AD and control subjects, and no correlation with the studied biomarkers is suggested.