Showing papers in "The Lancet HIV in 2018"

TL;DR: Transmission rates in couples reporting condomless anal intercourse are calculated, when HIV-positive partners were virally suppressed, and daily pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was not used by HIV-negative partners.

TL;DR: PrEP implementation was associated with a rapid decline in HIV diagnoses in the state of New South Wales, which was greatest for recent infections.

TL;DR: Early ART initiation and sustained adherence is likely to reduce incidence and progression of SIL and CIN and ultimately incidence of invasive cervical cancer.

TL;DR: Cumulative use of ritonavir-boosted darunavir, but not of rittonavir -boosted atazanvir, is associated with progressively increasing risk of cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: Self-testers can reliably and accurately do HIV rapid diagnostic tests, as compared with trained health-care workers, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and experimental studies on HIV self-testing performance.

TL;DR: By ensuring that everyone with HIV is aware of their infection and receiving the treatment they need, the authors can sharply reduce new infections in the United States.

TL;DR: A rapid increase in PrEP use by gay and bisexual men in Melbourne and Sydney was accompanied by an equally rapid decrease in consistent condom use, and other jurisdictions should consider the potential for community-level increases in CAIC when modelling the introduction of PrEP and in monitoring its effect.

TL;DR: The results support the effectiveness and feasibility of PrEP in a real-world setting and can retain high numbers of participants and achieve high levels of adherence without risk compensation in the investigated populations.

TL;DR: This randomised, controlled, double-blind, multicentre, non-inferiority trial compared doravirine with ritonavir-boosted darunavir, when both were given with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), in adults with previously untreated HIV-1 infection.

TL;DR: 48-week results of a phase 3 study investigating switching to bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide from dolutegravIR, abacavir, and lamivudine in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1 infection are reported.

TL;DR: Fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide might be a safe and efficacious alternative to continued boosted protease inhibitor therapy in adults with HIV-1 infection.

TL;DR: The main barriers preventing the development of an HIV cure are discussed, methods used to measure HIV persistence in individuals on ART, clinical strategies that aim to cure HIV, and future directions for studies in the field of HIV cure research are discussed.

TL;DR: The findings show the safety and efficacy of single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide as a potential switch option for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with viral suppression.

TL;DR: Applying the observed case-finding rate scale-up to earlier intervention times suggests that an earlier public health response could have substantially reduced the total number of HIV infections (estimated to have been 183-184 infections by Aug 11, 2015).

TL;DR: The IgG response to the HVTN 100 vaccine was lower than that reported in RV144, but it exceeded the predicted 63% threshold needed for 50% vaccine efficacy using a V1V2 correlate of protection model, and qualified for phase 2b/3 efficacy testing.

TL;DR: The authors' intervention of a dedicated programme for female sex workers led to high levels of HIV diagnosis and treatment in Zimbabwe, and further research is needed to optimise programme content and intensity for the broader population.

TL;DR: With increasing coverage of ART and VMMC, HIV incidence declined substantially in Siaya County between 2011 and 2016, and HIV incidence is still high and not close to the elimination target of one per 1000 person-years.

TL;DR: The biological mechanisms that underlie observed associations between antenatal ART and adverse outcomes in pregnancy and birth are not completely understood and further research needed as well as strengthening of the systems to assess safety of antiretroviral drugs for the mother and HIV-exposed child.

TL;DR: Questions remain about the roll out of dolutegravir in LMICs, where most people with HIV are women of reproductive age, tuberculosis prevalence can be high, and access to viral load and HIV drug resistance testing is limited, and more data are needed to determine the risk of adverse birth outcomes.

TL;DR: A review suggested a lower sensitivity of the WHO four-symptom screening rule among people with HIV who are on ART than in those who are ART naive, and the addition of chest radiographic findings could improve the screening rule, provided it does not pose a barrier to preventive treatment.

TL;DR: A cohort of young women detected during Fiebig stage I acute HIV infection in whom treatment was initiated immediately after diagnosis was established to advance research in this high-risk group to prevention and cure research.

TL;DR: HIV cascade data among key populations in Indonesia show very poor rates of retention in treatment and viral suppression, which suggest an urgent need to develop and implement effective interventions to support patients in achieving viral suppression.

TL;DR: The first two years after migration are associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition, highlighting the need for prevention programs focused on migrants to reduce HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa.

TL;DR: Ulasensitive resistance testing for pretreatment drug resistance improved identification of people at risk of virological failure; however, this came with a reduction in the authors' ability to identify people with viral suppression, especially at very low thresholds.

TL;DR: Ultimately, further research is needed to address the gaps in knowledge of HIV-2 infection, increased resources are needed to specifically target HIV-1 as part of the UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 campaign to end AIDS, and increased determination isneeded to better advocate for inclusion of people living with HIV- 2 in global HIV/AIDS initiatives.

TL;DR: The HIV burden in specific age groups, the suboptimal differential coverage, and uptake of HIV prevention strategies justifies a location-based approach to surveillance with finer disaggregation by age and sex.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess contemporary data on HIV drug resistance in low-income and middle-income countries and their implications for the HIV response, highlighting the potential impact and resistance risks of novel ART strategies and knowledge gaps.

TL;DR: First and second primary AIDS-defining cancer incidence declined, and secondPrimary non-AIDS-def defining cancer incidence increased over time.

TL;DR: A definition of control based on annual incidence would provide clarity and consistency across settings and highlight potential pitfalls associated with each of the four control criteria proposed by UNAIDS.

TL;DR: The Optima HIV model was used to estimate how global HIV resources could be retargeted for greatest epidemiological effect and how many additional new infections could be averted by 2030, and to reduce HIV incidence by 90% relative to 2010.