23Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Determined Tissue Sodium in Healthy Subjects and Hypertensive Patients
Christoph W. Kopp,Peter Linz,Anke Dahlmann,Matthias Hammon,Jonathan Jantsch,Dominik N. Müller,Roland E. Schmieder,Alexander Cavallaro,Kai-Uwe Eckardt,Michael Uder,Friedrich C. Luft,Jens Titze +11 more
TLDR
23Na magnetic resonance imaging could have utility in assessing the role of tissue Na+ storage for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in longitudinal studies, and it is suggested that patients with refractory hypertension had increased tissueNa+ content, compared with normotensive controls.Abstract:
High dietary salt intake is associated with hypertension; the prevalence of salt-sensitive hypertension increases with age. We hypothesized that tissue Na(+) might accumulate in hypertensive patients and that aging might be accompanied by Na(+) deposition in tissue. We implemented (23)Na magnetic resonance imaging to measure Na(+) content of soft tissues in vivo earlier, but had not studied essential hypertension. We report on a cohort of 56 healthy control men and women, and 57 men and women with essential hypertension. The ages ranged from 22 to 90 years. (23)Na magnetic resonance imaging measurements were made at the level of the calf. We observed age-dependent increases in Na(+) content in muscle in men, whereas muscle Na(+) content did not change with age in women. We estimated water content with conventional MRI and found no age-related increases in muscle water in men, despite remarkable Na(+) accumulation, indicating water-free Na(+) storage in muscle. With increasing age, there was Na(+) deposition in the skin in both women and men; however, skin Na(+) content remained lower in women. Similarly, this sex difference was found in skin water content, which was lower in women than in men. In contrast to muscle, increasing Na(+) content was paralleled with increasing skin water content. When controlled for age, we found that patients with refractory hypertension had increased tissue Na(+) content, compared with normotensive controls. These observations suggest that (23)Na magnetic resonance imaging could have utility in assessing the role of tissue Na(+) storage for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in longitudinal studies.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Nutritional management of sodium, chloride, and water in kidney disease and kidney failure
TL;DR: In this paper , new mechanisms of regulation of salt and water balance have been described demonstrating tissue accumulation in the skin and muscles, which has changed substantially the usual concepts of how sodium and water are handled involving not only new storage compartments but also new regulatory pathways such as the immune system and inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Revisiting blood pressure and body fluid status
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss novel concepts regarding the regulation of body sodium, water, and blood pressure with a particular focus on the systemic water conservation system and fluid loss-triggered elevation in blood pressure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sodium in the Skin: A summary of the physiology and scoping review of disease associations.
Aheli Chattopadhyay,Janell Tully,Judy Shan,Sidra Sheikh,Michael A. Ohliger,Jeremy W. Gordon,Theodora M. Mauro,Katrina Abuabara +7 more
TL;DR: A systematic search of PubMed for published literature on skin sodium and disease outcomes and found that skin sodium concentration is increased in patients with cardiometabolic conditions including hypertension, diabetes, and end-stage renal disease; autoimmune conditions including multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis; and dermatologic conditions including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and lipedema as mentioned in this paper .
Journal ArticleDOI
Tissue Sodium Accumulation Induces Organ Inflammation and Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease
Yasuhiko Ito,Ting Sun,Hiroya Tanaka,Naoto Yamaguchi,Hiroshi Kinashi,Fumiko Sakata,Shunnosuke Kunoki,Yukinao Sakai,Takuji Ishimoto +8 more
TL;DR: The role of tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) activation during the cardiac fibrosis and peritoneal deterioration processes induced by sodium overload in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients was investigated in this article .
OtherDOI
Electrolyte Disorders
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the existing and new advances in electrolyte alterations and provided the major causes of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in both the community-dwelling population and in hospitalized patients.
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