Journal ArticleDOI
A new estimate of global methane flux from onshore and shallow submarine mud volcanoes to the atmosphere
Giuseppe Etiope,Alexei V. Milkov +1 more
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In this article, a new estimate of global methane emission into the atmosphere from mud volcanoes (MVs) on land and shallow seafloor is presented, based on new direct measurements of flux, including both venting of methane and diffuse microseepage around craters and vents, and a classification of MV sizes in terms of area (km2) based on a compilation of data from 120 MVs.Abstract:
A new estimate of global methane emission into the atmosphere from mud volcanoes (MVs) on land and shallow seafloor is presented. The estimate, considered a lower limit, is based on 1) new direct measurements of flux, including both venting of methane and diffuse microseepage around craters and vents, and 2) a classification of MV sizes in terms of area (km2) based on a compilation of data from 120 MVs. The methane flux to the atmosphere is conservatively estimated between 6 and 9 Mt y−1. This emission from MVs is 3–6% of the natural methane sources and is comparable with ocean and hydrate sources, officially considered in the atmospheric methane budget. The total geologic source, including MVs, seepage from seafloor, microseepage in hydrocarbon-prone areas and geothermal sources, would amount to 35–45 Mt y−1. The authors believe it is time to add this parameter in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change official tables of atmospheric methane sources.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Oceanic methane biogeochemistry.
TL;DR: It is shown that thermodynamic and kinetic constraints largely prevent large-scale methanogenesis in the open ocean water column, and the role of anaerobic oxidation of methane has changed from a controversial curiosity to a major sink in anoxic basins and sediments.
Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Natural Sources
Brian J. Anderson,Karen B. Bartlett,Steve Frolking,Katharine Hayhoe,Jennifer C. Jenkins,William Salas +5 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular and stable isotope compositions of natural gas hydrates : A revised global dataset and basic interpretations in the context of geological settings
TL;DR: A global dataset of molecular and stable isotope compositions of gases released from 209 different specimens of natural gas hydrate is presented and discussed in this paper, where 26 hydrate-bearing areas from 21 geographic regions are grouped into high gas flux (HGF) settings, low gas flux and hydrated gas accumulations (HGA).
Journal ArticleDOI
TransCom model simulations of CH4 and related species: linking transport, surface flux and chemical loss with CH4 variability in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
Prabir K. Patra,Sander Houweling,Maarten Krol,Maarten Krol,Philippe Bousquet,Dmitry Belikov,Dan Bergmann,Huisheng Bian,Philip Cameron-Smith,Martyn P. Chipperfield,K. Corbin,Audrey Fortems-Cheiney,Annemarie Fraser,Emanuel Gloor,Peter Hess,Akinori Ito,Akinori Ito,Stephan R. Kawa,Rachel M. Law,Zoe Loh,Shamil Maksyutov,Lei Meng,Lei Meng,Paul I. Palmer,Ronald G. Prinn,Matthew Rigby,R. Saito,Chris Wilson +27 more
TL;DR: In this article, a chemistry-transport model (CTM) intercompar- ison experiment (TransCom-CH4) has been designed to in- vestigate the roles of surface emissions, transport and chemi- cal loss in simulating the global methane distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mud volcanism: An updated review
Adriano Mazzini,Giuseppe Etiope +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, an updated review of the knowledge and implications of mud volcanism is presented, with emphasis on: the terminology used to describe different processes and structures; physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of the several fluid emission structures; the chemical properties of the released fluids, in particular the molecular and isotopic composition of the gas; the mud volcano formation dynamics; and the several implications for petroleum exploration, geo-hazards and global atmospheric methane budget.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Significance of mud volcanism
TL;DR: The authors summarizes the main thrusts in mud volcano research as well as the various regions in which mud volcanism has been described, including the collision zones between Africa and Eurasia, where fluid flux through mud extrusion exceeds the compaction-driven pore fluid expulsion of the accretionary wedge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a 3D model of the global CH 4 distribution, showing that the main features of the CH4 distribution are well represented by the global 3D chemistry-transport and radiative transfer calculations.
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Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates
TL;DR: The list of known and inferred deep-water mud volcanoes is presented in this article, where a preliminary global estimate of methane accumulated in gas hydrates associated with mud volcano is about 1010-1012 m3 at standard temperature and pressure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mud volcanoes—the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the nature of the phenomenon of "mud volcanism" with respect to degassing of deeply buried sediments and discuss the basic mechanisms of mud volcano formation, specifically the fluid-pressure hypothesis, and some triggering events.