ACE2, the Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System Axis and COVID-19 Severity.
Filippos Triposkiadis,Andrew Xanthopoulos,Grigorios Giamouzis,Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas,Randall C. Starling,John Skoularigis,Harisios Boudoulas,Efstathios K. Iliodromitis +7 more
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TLDR
In this article, the relationship between ACE2 expression and function in the lungs and other organs and COVID-19 severity was discussed and the effect of ACE2 upregulation with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) counterbalances the risks due to counterregulatory RAS axis amplification.Abstract:
Angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme (ACE2) is an entry receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 also contributes to a deviation of the lung renin-angiotensin system (RAS) towards its counter-regulatory axis, thus transforming harmful ANG II to protective ANG (1-7). Based on this purported ACE2 double function, it has been put forward that the benefit from ACE2 upregulation with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) counterbalances COVID-19 risks due to counter-regulatory RAS axis amplification. In this manuscript we discuss the relationship between ACE2 expression and function in the lungs and other organs and COVID-19 severity. Recent data suggested that the involvement of ACE2 in the lung counter-regulatory RAS axis is limited. In this setting, an augmentation of ACE2 expression and/or a dissociation of ACE2 from the ANG (1-7)/Mas pathways that leaves unopposed the ACE2 function, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, predisposes to more severe disease and it appears to often occur in the relevant risk factors. Further, the effect of RAASi on ACE2 expression and on COVID-19 severity and the overall clinical implications are discussed.read more
Citations
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References
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Increased expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, in alveolar and bronchial epithelium of smokers and COPD subjects.
Merel Jacobs,Hannelore Van Eeckhoutte,Sara R.A. Wijnant,Sara R.A. Wijnant,Sara R.A. Wijnant,Wim Janssens,Guy Joos,Guy Brusselle,Guy Brusselle,Ken R. Bracke +9 more
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A profiling analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different type of cancers vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection
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High expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in colorectal cancer patients
Chao Liu,Chao Liu,Kai Wang,Min Zhang,Xiaoyu Hu,Tian Hu,Yumei Liu,Qinyong Hu,Shikai Wu,Jinbo Yue +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed at high levels on tumor and normal colorectal epithelial tissues, respectively, and patients who were treated with COVID-19 were more likely to have lymphopenia, higher respiratory rate, and high hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels than matched patients without cancer.
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Oxidative stress causes imbalance of renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) components and hypertension in obese Zucker rats.
Hao Luo,Xinquan Wang,Caiyu Chen,Jialiang Wang,Xue Zou,Chuanwei Li,Zaicheng Xu,Xiaoli Yang,Weibin Shi,Chunyu Zeng +9 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that the imbalance of renal RAS components was associated with increased oxidative stress in obese rats and antioxidant treatment with tempol reversed the imbalance and led to diuresis and natriuresis, which, at least in part, explains the blood pressure‐lowering effect of antioxidant supplementation in obesity‐related hypertension.
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Differential Virological and Immunological Outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Susceptible and Resistant Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Naoko Yoshikawa,Tomoki Yoshikawa,Terence E. Hill,Cheng Huang,Douglas M. Watts,Shinji Makino,Gregg N. Milligan,Teh-Sheng Chan,Clarence J. Peters,Chien Te K. Tseng +9 more
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