Advances in Laboratory Methods for Detection and Typing of Norovirus
TLDR
The latest data on laboratory methods (molecular, immunological) for norovirus detection, including real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and commercially available immunological assays as well as the latest FDA-cleared multi-gastrointestinal-pathogen platforms are described.Abstract:
Human noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis across all age groups. Although the disease is usually self-limiting, in the United States norovirus gastroenteritis causes an estimated 56,000 to 71,000 hospitalizations and 570 to 800 deaths each year. This minireview describes the latest data on laboratory methods (molecular, immunological) for norovirus detection, including real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and commercially available immunological assays as well as the latest FDA-cleared multi-gastrointestinal-pathogen platforms. In addition, an overview is provided on the latest nomenclature and molecular epidemiology of human noroviruses.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic Analysis of Human Norovirus Strains in Japan in 2016-2017.
Koo Nagasawa,Yuki Matsushima,Takumi Motoya,Fuminori Mizukoshi,Yo Ueki,Naomi Sakon,Koichi Murakami,Tomomi Shimizu,Nobuhiko Okabe,Noriko Nagata,Komei Shirabe,Hiroto Shinomiya,Wataru Suzuki,Makoto Kuroda,Tsuyoshi Sekizuka,Yoshiyuki Suzuki,Akihide Ryo,Kiyotaka Fujita,Kazunori Oishi,Kazuhiko Katayama,Hirokazu Kimura,Hirokazu Kimura +21 more
TL;DR: The time-scale phylogeny suggested that the common ancestors of the 2016 strains VP1 gene and RdRp region diverged in 2006 and 1999, respectively, and that the 2016 strain was the progeny of a pre-2016 GII.2.2 strains.
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Updated classification of norovirus genogroups and genotypes
Preeti Chhabra,Miranda de Graaf,Gabriel I. Parra,Martin C.W. Chan,Kim Y. Green,Vito Martella,Qiuhong Wang,Peter A. White,Kazuhiko Katayama,Harry Vennema,Marion Koopmans,Jan Vinjé +11 more
TL;DR: Viruses for which currently only one sequence is available in public databases were classified into tentative new genogroups and genotypes with their definitive assignment awaiting additional related sequences.
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Human norovirus transmission and evolution in a changing world
TL;DR: Recent advances in the study of the transmission, pathogenesis and evolution of human noroviruses are described, and the ongoing risk of norovirus outbreaks is considered, together with the future prospects for therapeutics, in a rapidly changing world.
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The Vast and Varied Global Burden of Norovirus: Prospects for Prevention and Control
TL;DR: An expert group was assembled to assess the evidence for the global burden of norovirus and to consider the prospects fornorovirus vaccine development, and the group considered how to bring norov virus vaccines from their current state of development to a viable product that will benefit global health.
References
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Karen L. Kotloff,James P. Nataro,William C. Blackwelder,Dilruba Nasrin,Tamer H. Farag,Sandra Panchalingam,Yukun Wu,Samba O. Sow,Dipika Sur,Robert F. Breiman,Abu Syed Golam Faruque,Anita K. M. Zaidi,Debasish Saha,Pedro L. Alonso,Boubou Tamboura,Doh Sanogo,Uma Onwuchekwa,Byomkesh Manna,Thandavarayan Ramamurthy,Suman Kanungo,John B. Ochieng,Richard Omore,Joseph Oundo,Anowar Hossain,Sumon Kumar Das,Shahnawaz Ahmed,Shahida Qureshi,Farheen Quadri,Richard A. Adegbola,Richard A. Adegbola,Martin Antonio,M. Jahangir Hossain,Adebayo Akinsola,Inacio Mandomando,Tacilta Nhampossa,Sozinho Acácio,Kousick Biswas,Ciara E. O’Reilly,Eric D. Mintz,Lynette Y. Berkeley,Lynette Y. Berkeley,Khitam Muhsen,Halvor Sommerfelt,Halvor Sommerfelt,Roy M. Robins-Browne,Myron M. Levine +45 more
TL;DR: Interventions targeting five pathogens can substantially reduce the burden of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and suggest new methods and accelerated implementation of existing interventions (rotavirus vaccine and zinc) are needed to prevent disease and improve outcomes.
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Broadly Reactive and Highly Sensitive Assay for Norwalk-Like Viruses Based on Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR
Tsutomu Kageyama,Shigeyuki Kojima,Michiyo Shinohara,Kazue Uchida,Shuetsu Fukushi,Fuminori B. Hoshino,Naokazu Takeda,Kazuhiko Katayama +7 more
TL;DR: An assay for the detection of Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) based on reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCRs) that is highly sensitive to a broad range of NLVs and can be used as a routine assay for diagnosis as well as for elucidation of the epidemiology of NLV infections.
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Norovirus classification and proposed strain nomenclature
Du-Ping Zheng,Tamie Ando,Rebecca L. Fankhauser,R. Suzanne Beard,Roger I. Glass,Stephan S. Monroe +5 more
TL;DR: Analyses of the pairwise distances demonstrated three clearly resolved peaks, suggesting that NoV strains beneath the species level can be classified at three levels: strain (S), cluster (C), and genogroup (G).
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X-ray Crystallographic Structure of the Norwalk Virus Capsid
TL;DR: The first x-ray structure of a calicivirus capsid, which consists of 180 copies of a single protein, has been determined by phase extension from a low-resolution electron microscopy structure that has a protruding (P) domain connected by a flexible hinge to a shell (S) domain that hasA classical eight-stranded beta-sandwich motif.
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An automated genotyping tool for enteroviruses and noroviruses
Annelies Kroneman,Harry Vennema,K. Deforche,Harrie van der Avoort,Silvia Peñaranda,M.S. Oberste,Jan Vinjé,Matty Koopmans +7 more
TL;DR: The online typing-tools reliably assign genotypes for enterovirus type or norovirus genotype and/or variant, with profile alignment, construction of phylogenetic trees and bootstrap validation makes these tools robust to ongoing evolution.