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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Amyloid-β plaque reduction, endogenous antibody delivery and glial activation by brain-targeted, transcranial focused ultrasound

TLDR
It is demonstrated that transcranial FUS application leads to a significant reduction in plaque burden four days after a single treatment in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD and that endogenous antibodies are found bound to Aβ plaques, providing evidence towards antibody- and glia-dependent mechanisms of FUS-mediated plaque reduction.
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This article is published in Experimental Neurology.The article was published on 2013-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 260 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Neuroglia & Blood–brain barrier.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Blood–brain barrier opening in Alzheimer’s disease using MR-guided focused ultrasound

TL;DR: The results of this safety and feasibility study support the continued investigation of focused ultrasound as a potential novel treatment and delivery strategy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and show that the procedure is safe.
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Clinical trial of blood-brain barrier disruption by pulsed ultrasound

TL;DR: Preliminary findings indicate that repeated opening of the blood-brain barrier using the pulsed ultrasound system, in combination with systemic microbubble injection, is safe and well tolerated in patients with recurrent GBM and has the potential to optimize chemotherapy delivery in the brain.
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Scanning ultrasound removes amyloid-β and restores memory in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

TL;DR: Repeated scanning ultrasound treatments of the mouse brain to remove Aβ, without the need for any additional therapeutic agent such as anti-Aβ antibody, are used and suggest that repeated SUS may be a noninvasive method with potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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Complement C3 deficiency protects against neurodegeneration in aged plaque-rich APP/PS1 mice

TL;DR: It is reported that an aged transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease that lacks C3 was protected against synapse loss and cognitive decline even in the presence of Aβ plaques, possibly by altering the glial response to Aβ deposition.
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Ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier disruption for targeted drug delivery in the central nervous system

TL;DR: Focused ultrasound (FUS), when combined with circulating microbubbles, is a noninvasive method to locally and transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier at discrete targets and would offer a flexible means to target therapeutics to desired points or volumes in the brain.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse.

TL;DR: It is reported that immunization of the young animals essentially prevented the development of β-amyloid-plaque formation, neuritic dystrophy and astrogliosis, and treatment of the older animals markedly reduced the extent and progression of these AD-like neuropathologies.
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Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid beta-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.

TL;DR: Results indicate that antibodies can cross the blood–brain barrier to act directly in the central nervous system and should be considered as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and other neurological disorders.
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Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses

TL;DR: A wealth of data now demonstrate that the microglia have very diverse effector functions, in line with macrophage populations in other organs, and the term activatedmicroglia needs to be qualified to reflect the distinct and very different states of activation-associated effector function in different disease states.
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Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis

TL;DR: Astrocytes become activated (reactive) in response to many CNS pathologies, such as stroke, trauma, growth of a tumor, or neurodegenerative disease, and its possible roles in the CNS trauma and ischemia are discussed.
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Peripheral anti-Aβ antibody alters CNS and plasma Aβ clearance and decreases brain Aβ burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

TL;DR: Although peripheral administration of m266 to PDAPP mice markedly reduces Aβ deposition, m266 did not bind to Aβ deposits in the brain, and m266 appears to reduce brain Aβ burden by altering CNS and plasma Aβ clearance.
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