Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of carbonaceous biomarkers with the Mars Organic Analyzer microchip capillary electrophoresis system: aldehydes and ketones.
Amanda M. Stockton,Caroline Chandra Tjin,Grace L. Huang,Merwan Benhabib,Thomas N. Chiesl,Richard A. Mathies +5 more
TLDR
This work establishes the capability of the MOA for studying aldehydes and ketones, a critical class of oxidized organic molecules of interest in planetary and in terrestrial environmental and health studies.Abstract:
A microchip CE method is developed for the analysis of two oxidized forms of carbon, aldehydes and ketones, with the Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA). Fluorescent derivitization is achieved in ∼15 min by hydrazone formation with Cascade Blue hydrazide in 30 mM borate pH 5–6. The microchip CE separation and analysis method is optimized via separation in 30 mM borate buffer, pH 9.5, at 20°C. A carbonyl standard consisting of ten aldehydes and ketones found in extraterrestrial matter is successfully separated; the resulting LOD depends on the reactivity of the compound and range from 70 pM for formaldehyde to 2 μM for benzophenone. To explore the utility of this method for analyzing complex samples, analyses of several fermented beverages are conducted, identifying ten aldehydes and ketones ranging from 30 nM to 5 mM. A Martian regolith simulant sample, consisting of a basalt matrix spiked with soluble ions and acetone, is designed and analyzed, but acetone is found to have a limited detectable lifetime under simulant Martian conditions. This work establishes the capability of the MOA for studying aldehydes and ketones, a critical class of oxidized organic molecules of interest in planetary and in terrestrial environmental and health studies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Titan tholins: simulating Titan organic chemistry in the Cassini-Huygens era.
Morgan L. Cable,Sarah M. Hörst,Robert Hodyss,Patricia Beauchamp,Mark A. Smith,Mark A. Smith,Peter Willis +6 more
TL;DR: Titan Tholins: Simulating Titan Organic Chemistry in the Cassini-Huygens Era is presented, which aims to provide a simulation framework for future generations of space missions to Jupiter and Saturn.
Journal ArticleDOI
Universal microfluidic automaton for autonomous sample processing: application to the Mars Organic Analyzer.
TL;DR: A fully integrated multilayer microfluidic chemical analyzer for automated sample processing and labeling, as well as analysis using capillary zone electrophoresis is developed and characterized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pneumatically actuated microvalve circuits for programmable automation of chemical and biochemical analysis
TL;DR: This review ofmable microfluidic platforms based on normally-closed microvalves discusses recent applications of PMPs in diverse fields including genetic analysis, antibody-based biomarker analysis, and chemical analysis in planetary exploration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implementation of microchip electrophoresis instrumentation for future spaceflight missions.
TL;DR: A current snapshot of the technology readiness level (TRL) of ME instrumentation, where the TRL is the NASA systems engineering metric used to evaluate the maturity of technology, and its fitness for implementation on missions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Digitally programmable microfluidic automaton for multiscale combinatorial mixing and sample processing
Erik C. Jensen,Amanda M. Stockton,Thomas N. Chiesl,Jungkyu Kim,Abhisek Bera,Richard A. Mathies +5 more
TL;DR: The practical utility of this technology is demonstrated by performing automated serial dilution for quantitative analysis as well as the first demonstration of on-chip fluorescent derivatization of biomarker targets (carboxylic acids) for microchip capillary electrophoresis on the Mars Organic Analyzer.
References
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Detection of Perchlorate and the Soluble Chemistry of Martian Soil at the Phoenix Lander Site
Michael H. Hecht,Samuel P. Kounaves,Richard C. Quinn,S. J. West,S. M. M. Young,Douglas W. Ming,David C. Catling,David C. Catling,B. C. Clark,William V. Boynton,John H. Hoffman,Lauren DeFlores,K. Gospodinova,J. Kapit,Peter H. Smith +14 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that the soil at the Phoenix landing site must have suffered alteration through the action of liquid water in geologically the recent past, and revealed an alkaline environment in contrast to that found by the Mars Exploration Rovers, indicating that many different environments have existed on Mars.
Journal ArticleDOI
In situ evidence for an ancient aqueous environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars.
Steven W. Squyres,John P. Grotzinger,Raymond E. Arvidson,James F. Bell,Wendy M. Calvin,Philip R. Christensen,Benton C. Clark,Jeffrey Crisp,William H. Farrand,K. E. Herkenhoff,Jeffrey R. Johnson,Göstar Klingelhöfer,Andrew H. Knoll,Scott M. McLennan,Harry Y. McSween,Richard V. Morris,John W. Rice,Renate Rieder,L. A. Soderblom +18 more
TL;DR: The geologic record at Meridiani Planum suggests that conditions were suitable for biological activity for a period of time in martian history.
Journal ArticleDOI
Jarosite and hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer spectrometer
Göstar Klingelhöfer,R. V. Morris,B. Bernhardt,Christian Schröder,Daniel Rodionov,P. A. de Souza,Albert S. Yen,Ralf Gellert,E. N. Evlanov,B. Zubkov,J. Foh,J. Foh,Uwe Bonnes,E. Kankeleit,Philipp Gütlich,D. W. Ming,Franz Renz,Thomas J. Wdowiak,Steven W. Squyres,Raymond E. Arvidson +19 more
TL;DR: Mössbauer spectra measured by the Opportunity rover revealed four mineralogical components in Meridiani Planum at Eagle crater: jarosite- and hematite-rich outcrop, hematITE-rich soil, olivine-bearing basaltic soil, and a pyroxene-bearing Basaltic rock (Bounce rock).
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H2O at the Phoenix landing site.
Peter H. Smith,L. K. Tamppari,Raymond E. Arvidson,D. S. Bass,Diana L. Blaney,William V. Boynton,Allan I. Carswell,David C. Catling,David C. Catling,B. C. Clark,Thomas J. Duck,E. DeJong,David A. Fisher,Walter Goetz,Haraldur P. Gunnlaugsson,Michael H. Hecht,V. Hipkin,John H. Hoffman,Stubbe F. Hviid,H. U. Keller,Samuel P. Kounaves,Carlos F. Lange,Mark T. Lemmon,Morten Madsen,W. J. Markiewicz,John Marshall,Christopher P. McKay,Michael T. Mellon,D. W. Ming,R. V. Morris,William T. Pike,Nilton O. Renno,Urs Staufer,Carol R. Stoker,Peter A. Taylor,James A. Whiteway,Aaron P. Zent +36 more
TL;DR: The analysis of the data from the Phoenix mission revealed an alkaline environment, in contrast to that found by the Mars Exploration Rovers, indicating that many different environments have existed on Mars.
Journal ArticleDOI
The missing organic molecules on Mars.
TL;DR: Experiments show that one of these, benzenehexacarboxylic acid (mellitic acid), is generated by oxidation of organic matter known to come to Mars, is rather stable to further oxidation, and would not have been easily detected by the Viking experiments.