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Animal species and evolution

Ernst Mayr
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The article was published on 1963-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7870 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Species problem.

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General concepts on the evolutionary biology of parasites.

TL;DR: This paper attempts a synthesis of ecology and parasitology, the need for which has been recognized by Kennedy (1975), and it explores the evolutionary implications of parasite ecology.
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Patterns of parapatric speciation

TL;DR: It is shown that rapid parapatric speciation on the time scale of a few hundred to a few thousand generations is plausible even when neighboring subpopulations exchange several individuals each generation, substantiating the claims that species with smaller range sizes should have higher speciation rates.
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Influence of latent Toxoplasma infection on human personality, physiology and morphology: pros and cons of the Toxoplasma-human model in studying the manipulation hypothesis.

TL;DR: Five independent studies performed in blood donors, pregnant women and military personnel showed that RhD blood group positivity protects infected subjects against various effects of latent toxoplasmosis, such as the prolongation of reaction times, an increased risk of traffic accidents and excessive pregnancy weight gain.

A unified concept of species and its consequences for the future of taxonomy

TL;DR: The unified species concept is a natural outcome of a change in the general conceptualization of the species category that has been underway for more than a half-century and represents the more complete acceptance of the idea that species are one of the fundamental units of biology.
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Differential susceptibility to hypertension is due to selection during the out-of-Africa expansion.

TL;DR: It is argued that susceptibility to hypertension is ancestral and that differential susceptibility is due to differential exposure to selection pressures during the out-of-Africa expansion, and it is shown that ecological variables, such as latitude, temperature, and rainfall, explain worldwide variation in heat adaptation as defined by seven functional alleles in five genes involved in blood pressure regulation.