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Animal species and evolution

Ernst Mayr
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The article was published on 1963-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7870 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Species problem.

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Phylogenetics and evolution of a circumarctic species complex (Cladocera: Daphnia pulex)

TL;DR: This study examines the phylogenetic relationships among circumarctic members of the Daphnia pulex complex, through the analysis of sequence diversity in 498 nt of the ND5 mitochondrial gene, and suggests that the complex is composed of three major clades, two of which are subdivided into at least eight different lineages.
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Origin and evolution of animal hybrid species

TL;DR: Investigation of the array of reproductive strategies recently detected in phylogenetically related stick Insects allows this work to investigate, using a comparative approach, questions such as the relationship between hybridization and unisexuality, and short- versus long-term evolutionary success of hybrid species.
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Adaptive divergence between freshwater and marine sticklebacks: insights into the role of phenotypic plasticity from an integrated analysis of candidate gene expression.

TL;DR: Overall results indicate a loss of plasticity in the freshwater deme, and it is discussed how this is consistent with adaptation facilitated by ancestral plasticity as a heuristic example that may prove useful for future, explicit tests of the genetic assimilation hypothesis.
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The relationship between morphology, escape behaviour and microhabitat occupation in the lizard clade Liolaemus (Iguanidae: Tropidurinae*: Liolaemini)

TL;DR: Behavioural strategies used by these lizards in open habitats appear to have made unnecessary the evolution of limb morphology that has occurred in other lizards from other clades that are found in open settings.
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Evolution of the Earliest Horses Driven by Climate Change in the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

TL;DR: Examination of a high-resolution 175,000-year record of equid fossils deposited over a past climate shift for changes in body size indicates that temperature directly influenced body size in the past and may continue to have an influence as the authors' current climate changes.