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Animal species and evolution

Ernst Mayr
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The article was published on 1963-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7870 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Species problem.

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A morphologic and genetic study of the Island fox, Urocyon littoralis

TL;DR: The Island Fox, Urocyon littoralis, is a dwarf form found on six of the Channel Islands located 30–98 km off the coast of southern California, and genetic distances among the island populations, as estimated by the four techniques, are not well correlated.
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Ocean currents mediate evolution in island lizards

TL;DR: It is shown that patterns of gene flow among island populations of Anolis lizards are best explained by prevailing ocean currents, and that over-water dispersal has evolutionary consequences; across islands, divergence in fitness-related morphology decreases with increasing gene flow.
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Sex and polymorphism as strategies in host-pathogen interactions.

TL;DR: The proposed theory of polymorphism overcomes difficulties present in the balanced and neutral selection theory of mathematical genetics and offers a new model of the selective forces that maintain sex.
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Biological Variation in Anopheles darlingi Root

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that female wing size may vary between populations of Anopheles darlingi, suggesting the possibility that this widely distributed species may be a complex, which could have important implications for future malaria control schemes.
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Isolating Mechanisms and Interspecies Interactions in Anuran Amphibians

TL;DR: Examination of various allopatric and sympatric species pairs in the anurans indicates that, as known at present, there is no predictable sequence in which the various kinds of isolating mechanisms evolve, however, sympatrics species always differ in mating call, and some allop atric populations have been shown to differ enough for the females to discriminate between the calls of their own and foreign males.