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Animal species and evolution

Ernst Mayr
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The article was published on 1963-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7870 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Species problem.

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Genomic regions with a history of divergent selection affect fitness of hybrids between two butterfly species.

TL;DR: Genome‐wide DNA sequences and Bayesian models are used to test the hypothesis that loci under divergent selection between two butterfly species also affect fitness in an admixed population, and locus‐specific measures of genetic differentiation were positively associated with extreme genomic introgression.
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Systematics and phylogeny of cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattaria)

TL;DR: The systematics and phylogeny of the Blattaria are reviewed and previously unreported, Cahita gradlis Rocha is a junior synonym of Symploce pollens (Stephens).
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Genital morphology and fertilization success in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus: an example of sexually selected male genitalia

TL;DR: It is suggested that directional selection for genital elaboration may be countered by natural selection, which should favour genitalia of a size and shape necessary for efficient coupling and sperm transfer.
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Coevolution of Male and Female Genital Morphology in Waterfowl

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report morphological complexity in female genital morphology in waterfowl and describe variation vaginal morphology that is unprecedented in birds, including dead end sacs and clockwise coils.
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Genetic bottlenecks and population passages cause profound fitness differences in RNA viruses.

TL;DR: It is concluded that transfer of large populations of RNA viruses regularly selects those genomes within the quasispecies population which have the highest relative fitness, whereas bottleneck transfers have a high probability of leading to loss of fitness by random isolation of genomes carrying debilitating mutations.