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Animal species and evolution

Ernst Mayr
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The article was published on 1963-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7870 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Species problem.

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The evolution of species' distributions: reciprocal transplants across the elevation ranges of Mimulus cardinalis and M. lewisii.

TL;DR: Low fitness of both species at their range margin and weak differntiation among populations within each species suggest that adaption to the environment at and beyond the range margin is hindered, illustrating that range margins provide an interesting system in which to study limits to adaptation.
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Molecular Changes at Speciation

TL;DR: This review examines the consequences of speciation for patterns of molecular genetic variation within and among populations and considers the following questions.
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The species flocks of East African cichlid fishes: recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and population genetics.

TL;DR: Recent molecular data on population differentiation and phylogenetics are reviewed, which have helped to unravel, to some extent, the patterns and processes that led to the formation and ecological maintenance of cichlid species flocks.
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Aspects of the population genetics of Mytilus (Mytilidae; Mollusca) in the British Isles

TL;DR: Overall little evidence was found that balancing selection is responsible for maintenance of the polymorphisms studied in M. edulis, and the pattern of geographic variation in gene frequencies in Mytilus in the British Isles is discussed in relation to variation in the south and north of Europe and North America.
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Speciation in parasites: a population genetics approach.

TL;DR: The spatial fragmentation of parasites and the population genetics processes behind their diversification in an effort to bridge the micro- and macro-scales is focused on.